Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of tongue - a case report

A very rare case of Primitive Neuroectodermal tumor [PNET] occurring at the tip of the tongue is reported. The patient presented at a private dental clinic at Hyderabad, Sindh, [Pakistan] with a tiny nodule at the tip of the tongue. Fine needle aspiration was carried out followed by excision biopsy and marker studies which confirmed the diagnosis. It was concluded that the possibility of PNET tumor should be kept in mind while evaluating lesions occurring on tongue

Fine needle aspiration cytology of oral lesions

This study was carried out to introduce the use of fine needle aspiration cytology for the early and quick diagnosis of oral lesions. All patients were referred to a private clinic for Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology by Dental Surgeons. A total number of 86 patients were included in this study. These patients had a mass in oral cavity, in salivary glands or in sub mental / sub mandibular area. The duration of study was two years, from January 2010 to December 2012. Fine needle aspiration was done and smears were made for cytopathological diagnosis. All patients were followed up and a biopsy report was obtained for correlation. Age range was 1-85 years. Mean age being 39 years. Lesions were equally distributed between male and female patients. Out of 86 patients majority n=27 [31.3%] presented with a parotid mass, n=18 [20.9%] presented with a submandibular mass, n=14 [16.2%] had cheek swelling and n=11 [13.6%] had a mass on mandible. Cytopathological analysis showed an equal frequency of benign and malignant tumors n=30 [34.8%] each, n=18 [20.9%] were inflammatory lesions and n=8 [9.5%] nonneoplastic non-inflammatory lesions. Out of 30 benign tumors most common was Pleomorphic Adenoma n=24 [80%] arising in Parotid, out of 30 malignant tumors most common was Squamous cell carcinoma n=22[73.3%]. Out of 18 inflammatory lesions most were either tuberculosis or abscess n=7 [38.8%] each. Histopathological diagnosis was available in 50 patients. Overall accuracy for diagnosis of malignant tumors and inflammatory lesions was 100%, for benign tumors it was 92% and for non-inflammatory non-neoplastic lesions it was 33.3%. Fine needle aspiration is a very useful, cost effective, quick and painless procedure for early diagnosis of oral lesions and in many cases obviates the need for incisional I excisional biopsy

Role of fine needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and frequency of its presentation as cold abscess in lower Sindh

This study was carried out to evaluate the role of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology [FNAC] for the diagnosis of Tuberculosis and to estimate the frequency of its presentation as cold abscess in lower Sindh. A total number of 73 patients were included in this study. These patients were all referred to a private clinic for FNAC of swellings in lymphoid regions, chest wall, Abdomen, breast and lower back. Duration of study was six months from January to June 2013. Fine needle aspiration was done and smears were made for cytopathological diagnosis. All patients were clinically followed up to see the response to treatment. Age range was 2 to 70 years. Mean age being 29 years. Lesions were more common in females [72.60%].Out of 73 patients majority n=26 [35.26%] presented with cervical lymphadenopathy, n=11 [15.06%] presented with a supraclavicular mass, n=10 [13.70%] had submandibular swelling and n=06 [8.21%] had axillary lymphadenopathy. Other sites included preauricular / retro parotid areas, chest wall swelling and breast, each accounting for 4 [5.48%] cases. Less common sites were Lumbar area on back, posterior auricular area and swelling on thumb, n=1 each [1.36%]. Cytopathological analysis showed n=30 [41.10%] diagnosed as Tuberculous lymphadenitis while n=23 [31.51%] were labeled as cold abscess, n=17 [23.29%] were reported tuberculosis with extensive Caseation necrosis and n=3 [4.10%] were reported as Tuberculous Mastitis. All patients were put on ATT with clinical follow up. Fine needle aspiration is a very useful, cost effective method for early and rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and cold abscesses. This obviates the need for incisional / excisional biopsy and patients can directly be put on ATT with strict clinical follow up

Causes of delay in cancer diagnosis

Objectives: To assess the causes of delay In cancer diagnosis in lower Sindh, Pakistan and to suggest solutions to the problem

Study Design: ADescriptive study

Place And Duration: At Nuclear Institute of Medical Radiotherapy, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Pakistan over a period of six months from May 2011 to December 2011

Methodology: 100 diagnosed cases of cancer admitted to hospital for diagnosis and treatment included in the study

All patients were interviewed regarding cause of delay in cancer diagnosis and findings were recorded on a printed Performa

Results: The causes for delay were divided into two groups. Delay in diagnosis [9.24 months] and delay in treatment [1.9 months]. Major causes of delay in diagnosis were consulting various doctors [n=85%], financial problems [n=80%], conveyance problem [n=60%] and lack of education [n=65%]. Major cause of delay in treatment was that a lot of time was taken to carry out the investigations to assess the extent of the disease reach to a final diagnosis. Partly the delay occurred [n=60%] because the patients could not keep their appointments due to transport and financial problems

Conclusion: Major causes of delay in cancer diagnosis and treatment indicate the pivotal role of primary doctor's ability to suspect, detect and refer patients with cancer to proper cancer care facility

Report on oral cancers patients at atomic energy medical center, Jamshoro during the year 2002. A pilot study

The purpose of this study was to report a pilot study in relation to the most common presentation and habits related to oral cancer. MATERIALS and METHOD: Records of oral cancer patients with a habit of chewing betel leaves / tobacco were seen in 2003 at Atomic Energy Medical Center [AEMC], Jamshoro were reviewed. Forty three patients were diagnosed with oral cancers. Males being 24 and females 19, mostly of age 40 and above. Insides of the cheek was the most common site of the lesion. Early detection of oral cancer can improve the prognosis and prevention is the best approach

Experience of operator in relation to administration of inferior alveolar nerve block

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of inferior alveolar block in relation to the experience of the operator. PATIENTS and METHOD: It was a cross-sectional comparative study carried out in the Oral Surgery Department of Liaquat College of Medicine and Dentistry, Karachi, Pakistan. SUBJECTS: Sixty patients were included in this study of age range 14 - 70 years [38 male and 22 female]. Students administered local anesthesia on I I patients, house officers on 7 patients, demonstrators on 32 patients and on Assistant Professor 10 patients. Repetitions of anesthetic were observed in IS subjects. Anesthesia administered by an experienced operator is found to be more profound