Prognostic Significance of Cigarette Smoking in Association with Histologic Subtypes of Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma

BACKGROUND@#Smokers with lung adenocarcinoma have a worse prognosis than those who have never smoked; the reasons for this are unclear. We aimed to elucidate the impact of smoking on patients’ prognosis and the association between smoking and clinicopathologic factors, particularly histologic subtypes.@*METHODS@#We reviewed the records of 233 patients with pathologic stage T1-4N0-2M0 lung adenocarcinomas who underwent surgery between January 2004 and July 2015. The histologic subtypes of tumors were reassessed according to the 2015 World Health Organization classification.@*RESULTS@#In total, 114 patients had a history of smoking. The overall survival probabilities differed between never-smokers and ever-smokers (80.8% and 65.1%, respectively; p=0.003). In multivariate analyses, the predominant histologic subtype was an independent poor prognostic factor. Smoking history and tumor size >3 cm were independent predictors of solid or micropapillary (SOL/MIP)-predominance in the logistic regression analysis. Smoking quantity (pack-years) in patients with SOL/MIP-predominant tumors was greater than in those with lepidic-predominant tumors (p=0.000). However, there was no significant difference in smoking quantity between patients with SOL/MIP-predominant tumors and those whose tumors had non-predominant SOL/MIP components (p=0.150).@*CONCLUSION@#Smoking was found to be closely associated with SOL/MIP-predominance in lung adenocarcinoma. Greater smoking quantity was related to the presence of a SOL/MIP component.

Prognostic Significance of Cigarette Smoking in Association with Histologic Subtypes of Resected Lung Adenocarcinoma / 대한흉부외과학회지

BACKGROUND: Smokers with lung adenocarcinoma have a worse prognosis than those who have never smoked; the reasons for this are unclear. We aimed to elucidate the impact of smoking on patients’ prognosis and the association between smoking and clinicopathologic factors, particularly histologic subtypes. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 233 patients with pathologic stage T1-4N0-2M0 lung adenocarcinomas who underwent surgery between January 2004 and July 2015. The histologic subtypes of tumors were reassessed according to the 2015 World Health Organization classification. RESULTS: In total, 114 patients had a history of smoking. The overall survival probabilities differed between never-smokers and ever-smokers (80.8% and 65.1%, respectively; p=0.003). In multivariate analyses, the predominant histologic subtype was an independent poor prognostic factor. Smoking history and tumor size >3 cm were independent predictors of solid or micropapillary (SOL/MIP)-predominance in the logistic regression analysis. Smoking quantity (pack-years) in patients with SOL/MIP-predominant tumors was greater than in those with lepidic-predominant tumors (p=0.000). However, there was no significant difference in smoking quantity between patients with SOL/MIP-predominant tumors and those whose tumors had non-predominant SOL/MIP components (p=0.150). CONCLUSION: Smoking was found to be closely associated with SOL/MIP-predominance in lung adenocarcinoma. Greater smoking quantity was related to the presence of a SOL/MIP component.

Comparison of Survival by Risk-stratified Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Single Institute / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: Impressive improvement of survival rate has been achieved in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In an effort to balance the risks and benefits of therapy, risk-stratified therapy has been adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment outcome of childhood ALL by risk stratification.METHODS: From 184 patients (age, <18 years) with ALL newly diagnosed at Chonnam National University Hospital and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between 2000 and 2010, we retrospectively analyzed 157 patients. Patients with infant ALL, L3, Down syndrome, and those transferred to another hospital were excluded. Three risk groups were defined as standard risk (SR, n=88), high risk (HR, n=52) and very high risk (VHR, n=17).RESULTS: The 7-year overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 85.2+/-2.9% and 80.2+/-3.3%, respectively. The 7-year EFS rates were 86.5+/-3.9% for SR, 78.8+/-5.7% for HR and 52.9+/-12.1% for VHR (P<0.001). Relapse occurred in 17 patients, and the cumulative incidence of relapse at 7 years was not different according to risk groups (SR vs. HR vs. VHR=8.9% vs. 17.3% vs. 5.9%, P=0.171). Among relapsed patients, 11 underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of whom 5 survive event-free with a median follow-up of 5.2 years. The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality was highest in VHR (SR vs. HR vs. VHR=4.6% vs. 3.8% vs. 47.2%, P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Although, the number of patients included in this study is relatively small, the survival rates of childhood ALL with current strategies are encouraging. Also, efforts should be focused to further improve survival in the VHR, especially to reduce non-relapse mortality.

Comparison of Survival by Risk-stratified Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Single Institute / 임상소아혈액종양

BACKGROUND: Impressive improvement of survival rate has been achieved in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In an effort to balance the risks and benefits of therapy, risk-stratified therapy has been adopted. The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment outcome of childhood ALL by risk stratification. METHODS: From 184 patients (age, <18 years) with ALL newly diagnosed at Chonnam National University Hospital and Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between 2000 and 2010, we retrospectively analyzed 157 patients. Patients with infant ALL, L3, Down syndrome, and those transferred to another hospital were excluded. Three risk groups were defined as standard risk (SR, n=88), high risk (HR, n=52) and very high risk (VHR, n=17). RESULTS: The 7-year overall survival and event-free survival (EFS) rates were 85.2+/-2.9% and 80.2+/-3.3%, respectively. The 7-year EFS rates were 86.5+/-3.9% for SR, 78.8+/-5.7% for HR and 52.9+/-12.1% for VHR (P<0.001). Relapse occurred in 17 patients, and the cumulative incidence of relapse at 7 years was not different according to risk groups (SR vs. HR vs. VHR=8.9% vs. 17.3% vs. 5.9%, P=0.171). Among relapsed patients, 11 underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation of whom 5 survive event-free with a median follow-up of 5.2 years. The cumulative incidence of non-relapse mortality was highest in VHR (SR vs. HR vs. VHR=4.6% vs. 3.8% vs. 47.2%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Although, the number of patients included in this study is relatively small, the survival rates of childhood ALL with current strategies are encouraging. Also, efforts should be focused to further improve survival in the VHR, especially to reduce non-relapse mortality.

Transient Complete Atrioventricular Block in a Preterm Neonate with Congenital Myotonic Dystrophy: Case Report

Congenital myotonic dystrophy (CMD) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder with cardiac rhythm abnormalities that may occur as a child grows. No report has described complete atrioventricular (AV) block detected in a neonate with CMD. We report a floppy infant of 31(+4) weeks gestation with complete AV block at birth, who was diagnosed with CMD by Southern analysis. She recovered from complete AV block 32 hr after temporary transcutaneous pacing was applied. To the best our knowledge, this is the first recorded case of a complete AV block accompanied by CMD during the neonatal period. When a newborn has a complete AV block, the physician should consider the possibility of the CMD and conduct a careful physical examination.

A chromosome 1q44 deletion in a 4-month-old girl; The first report in Korea / 소아과

The deletion of the distal long arm of chromosome 1 is associated with a characteristic facial appearance and a pattern of associated malformations. Characteristic manifestations include a round face with prominent 'cupid's bow' and downturned corners of the mouth, thin vermilion borders of lips, a long upper lip with a smooth philtrum, a short and broad nose, epicanthal folds, apparently low-set ears, micrognathia, microcephaly, abnormal hands and feet, variable cardiac or genital anomalies, moderate to severe mental retardation, and growth retardation. Using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis to map precisely the deletion, we present a case of chromosome 1q44 deletion with craniofacial characteristics, multiple congenital anomalies, and growth and psychomotor retardation. In comparison with other reported cases of 1q43-44 deletion, the subject does not show hydrocephalus, seizure, syn- or polydactyly of hands, and a urogenital anomaly. However, an arachnoid cyst, pinpoint dimple on the midline of the forehead, a right-sided supernumerary nipple and auricular pit, polydactyly of the right foot, adducted thumb, and flexion restriction of the proximal interphalangeal joint with a simian line in both hands were observed additionally.

Usefulness of Neuroimaging Study in Cephalohematoma of Newborn / 대한주산의학회잡지

PURPOSE: Cephalohematoma is a common birth injury that is absorbed spontaneously at most of the time. However, it sometimes can be accompanied with severe intracranial lesion which may ultimately lead to death. The aim of this study is to know when the CT and/or MRI study is useful by analyzing the risk factors for intracranial lesion associated with cephalohematoma in newborn. METHODS: From January 2006 to December 2010, 162 infants diagnosed with cephalohematoma were studied retrospectively. We examined the demographic and clinical data, and also examined the reasons for neuroimaging studies with CT/MRI findings. The risk factors for intracranial lesion associated with cephalohematoma were analyzed by uni- and multivariate analysis as well. RESULTS: Among 162 patients, many were groups of normal birth weight, first-born, singlet or vaginally delivered newborns. Of these patients, 13.6% had neurologic symptoms, 4.1% had other birth injuries, and 1.2% died with associated intracranial lesion. Parietal region was the commonest site and most were greater than 3 cm in diameter. Simple skull X-ray was performed in 56.8% and CT/MRI in 28.4%. Giant hematoma and neurologic symptom were the two common reasons for requesting CT/MRI. Intracranial lesions such as hemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, and infarction were shown in almost two thirds of patients who performed CT/MRI. Multivariate analysis showed that significant risk factors were being first-born, having large size hematoma (> or = 5 cm) or having seizure. CONCLUSION: CT and/or MRI is recommended in cephalohematoma of newborn, especially for first-born baby with large size hematoma (> or = 5 cm) or seizure.