The effect of ketamine on the incidence of emergence agitation in children undergoing tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy under sevoflurane general anesthesia / 대한마취과학회지

BACKGROUND: The rapid emergence and recovery from general anesthesia afforded by sevoflurane is associated with a high incidence of emergence agitation in children. Small doses of ketamine reduce the incidence of emergence agitation. This study compared the effects of ketamine 0.25 mg/kg and 0.5 mg/kg on emergence agitation and postoperative pain. METHODS: The effects of added intravenous ketamine were evaluated in 93 children, ASA I-II, 2-14 years old, undergoing an adenotonsillectomy. The patients were allocated randomly to one of three groups receiving saline (group C), ketamine 0.25 mg/kg (group K0.25) or ketamine 0.5 mg/kg (group K0.5). The children in each group were administered the study drugs 10 minutes before the end of surgery. The recovery characteristics, including the time to extubation, delivery time from the PACU, postoperative nausea and vomiting, agitation and pain were assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the extubation time, delivery time and postoperative nausea and vomiting between the three groups. There were significant differences in modified CHEOPS (Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Pain Scale) between the three groups. The incidence of emergence agitation was low in the K0.25 and K0.5 groups compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference between the K0.25 and K0.5 groups. CONCLUSIONS: There was no significant difference in the incidence of emergence agitation between K0.25 and K0.5 groups. However, K0.5 group showed a lower pain score than K0.25 group.

Anaphylaxis with angioedema by rocuronium during induction of general anesthesia: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

Perioperative anaphylaxis is characterized by severe respiratory and cardiovascular manifestations. Correct management of anaphylaxis during anaesthesia requires a multidisciplinary approach with prompt recognition and treatment of the acute event by the attending anesthesiologist. A 34-year-old woman was scheduled to undergo endo venous laser therapy of varicose veins. She had no history of allergies and had never undergone general anesthesia. General anesthesia was induced with propofol and rocuronium bromide. Approximately three minutes after rocuronium administration, hypotension and tachycardia developed and angioedema around the eyelids and skin rashes and urticaria appeared. The patient received ephedrine and hydrocortisone with hydration. After achieving stable vital signs and symptom relief, surgery was performed without complications. A postoperative skin dermal test performed to identify the agent responsible revealed a positive skin test for rocuronium.

Anesthetic management in pediatric patient with Angelman syndrome: A case report / 대한마취과학회지

The Angelman syndrome is characterized by an abnormality of chromosome 15, where a subunit of the gamma amino-butyric acid receptor is coded. The clinical features are developmental delay, microcephaly, wide mouth, prognathia which usually do not have problem with intubation. But, muscular atrophy may induce delayed recovery from neuromuscular blockade. Moreover, there are case reports that vagal hypertonia such as severe bardycardia or asystole occurred during anesthesia. We present a 5-year-9-month-old male Angelman syndrome patient who underwent a left and right rectus ophthalmicus muscle recession. We gave him prophylactic glycopyrrolate before anesthetic induction and induced and maintained anesthesia with sevoflurane and oxygen. After that we monitored train-of-four ratio for evaluation of neuromuscular blockade. There is no complication during operation and recovery from anesthesia.