Effect of bovine colostrum on the bacterial translocation and intestinal endotoxemia in 5-fluorouracil treated rats / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Antitumor drugs such as 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are known to induce intestinal damages and bacterial translocation. The present studies examined whether or not bovine colostrum protects against gut barrier damage, bacterial translocation and endotoxemia from these antitumor drugs. METHODS: Rat received either no drug, chemotherapy alone (5-FU, 300 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection) or bovine colostrum (4 g/day per os) for 5 days prior to 5-FU and for 5 days afterward. Intestinal permeability, enteric aerobic bacterial counts, serum albumin and protein levels, and pathologic findings of ileum were measured. Bacterial translocation to systemic blood, mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen were measured. Systemic plasma endotoxin levels were quantified by the chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) technique. RESULTS: 5-FU increase intestinal permeability and plasma endotoxin levels, and decreased serum levels of total protein and albumin. Also 5-FU induced bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen, not to systemic blood, but did not induce changes of enteric bacterial numbers and mucosal damages of small intestine. Combined administration of bovine colostrum with 5-FU reduced an increase in intestinal permeability and declines in serum albumin and protein levels by 5-FU. Bovine colostrum supplements also reduced bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes, liver and spleen, and endotoxemia. CONCLUSION: Bovine colostrums may beneficial effects in preventing 5-FU induced gut barrier damage, bacterial translocation and intestinal endotoxemia.

Effects of bovine colostrum in diclofenac induced gut injured rat model / 대한내과학회지

BACKGROUND: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed medicine but induce damage throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract including small intestine with protein and blood loss. Impaired epithelial barrier function, overgrowth of luminal bacteria and others have been implicated in the pathogenesis of NSAID induced enteropathy. Colostrum is a first milk produced after birth and is particularly rich in growth factors, immunoglobulins and antimicrobial peptides. The present study aimed to exam whether defatted bovine colostrum reduce small intestinal injury caused by diclofenac in the animals. METHODS: 64 rats were utilized in four groups; control group, diclofenac group, diclofenac with 5% colostrum group and diclofenac with 10% colostrum group. The animals with colostrum were fed with 5% or 10% colostral solution for 5 days before diclofenac administration. Small intestinal injury was induced by administering a single dose of diclofenac (50 mg/kg subcutaneously). Epithelial permeability, enteric aerobic bacterial counts, serum albumin and protein levels, and pathologic findings of distal ileum were measured. RESULTS: Diclofenac caused marked increase in intestinal permeability, enteric bacterial numbers and intestinal villous damage, and declines in serum levels of total protein and albumin. Co-administration of bovine colostrum reduced intestinal permeability and enteric bacterial numbers, declines in serum albumin and protein levels, and mucosal damage of small intestine induced by diclofenac. CONCLUSION: Bovine colostrums may have beneficial effects on preventing NSAID induced small intestinal injury and bacterial translocation.

Enhancement of Human Monocyte Activities against Aspergillus fumigatus by Interleukin-15 / 대한의진균학회지

BACKGROUND: Despite recent advances in antifungal chemotherapy, invasive aspergillosis remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine that is known to enhance antifungal activities of monocytes against Candida albicans. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the potentials of IL-15 to enhance antifungal activities of monocytes against Aspergillus fumigatus. METHODS: Peripheral blood monocytes from healthy adults were incubated with 0, 1, 10, 100 ng/ml of IL-15 for 1, 2, and 4 days. Then, the ability of IL-15 to elicit the production of superoxide anion, the damage of hyphae by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, and the killing ability of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia was investigated. RESULTS: Incubation of peripheral blood monocytes with 100 ng/ml of IL-15 enhanced hyphal damage after 2 days (p<0.05), conidicidal activity from the first day (p<0.05), and increased the production of superoxide anion (O2- ) in response to phorbol myristate acetate. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that IL-15 augments the microbicidal activity of human monocytes against Aspergillus fumigatus.