RESUMO
Street foods are seen as a public health problem due to lack of infrastructure and basic services, difficulty in controlling the plethora of street food sales operations due to their diversity, their mobility, and their temporary nature. The objective of this study is to show the impact of the consumption of two street foods (Garba with tuna and rice with eggplant sauce) consumed in Côte d'Ivoire on the health of the Ivorian population. To contribute to the nutritional and health security of the population, the consumption of these dishes has been demonstrated in young Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus). Thus, we hypothesized that the consumption of these street foods would have a deleterious effect on consumer health. However, five days 20 young rats of male and female sexes aged 50±5 days and weighing an average of 55±5 g were acclimatized and fed on a formulated isocaloric diet rich in herring fish (Clupea harengus) animal protein. After the acclimatization phase, four batches of rats of five rats per cage were fed respectively with diets (DWP, CDHF, GWTF and RES). The results showed that juvenile rats fed the CDHF and RES diet gained a lot of weight (5.66 ± 0.34 g/d and 5.16 ± 0.58 g/d) while those fed the GWTF diet had a progressive, slow weight gain. (2.32 ±0.23 g/d) and batch of rats fed without protein (DWP) observed considerable weight loss (-1.07±0.06 g/d). In terms of biological value, the results demonstrate that rats fed the RES diet have a higher protein availability (84.23 ±0.02%) than rats fed the GWTF diet (54.31 ±0.06 %). It follows from this analysis that it is necessary to combine GWTF with other protein-rich foods to compensate for the nutritional deficits caused by its ingestion. In young rats fed experimental diets, biometric research on vital organs (heart, liver, spleen and kidneys) revealed no abnormalities.
RESUMO
Aims: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of stem bark from Trichilia emetica on the cellular immunity markers (TCD4+ count, Lymphocytes, WBC, RBC) in rats wistar. Study Design: Forty-two rats have been divided into seven groups of six and each was administered a single oral dose of the samples for 8 days. Experimental design was as follows: Group I served as control and received distilled water, group II received Isoprinosine at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (b.w.), group III was administered Methylprednisolone (15 mg/kg b.w), group IV and group V received aqueous extract at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. respectively, group VI and VII were administered ethanolic extract at a doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg b.w. respectively. At the end of the treatment, some blood was collected in EDTA tubes for the determination of TCD4+ count by flow cytometry and hematological parameters by hemogram. Results: Concerning TCD4+ count, the results show that there is a significant difference (P<0.05) between the control group and all groups of the treated rats. There is also a significant difference between both extracts. But the ethanolic extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. showed pronounced activity by TCD4+ increasing in relation with control and all the treated groups. Thus, the haematological parameters show that there is no significant difference (p˃ 0.05) between the control group and the other treated groups by aqueous extract (100 and 200 mg/kg b.w.) and ethanolic extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.w. concerning WBC count and total lymphocytes level. However, there is a significant increase (P<0.05) of WBC and total lymphocytes in blood of rats treated by ethanolic extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. compared with control group. Conclusion: The present study revealed that both extracts of Trichilia emetica have positive effects on cellular immunity markers such as TCD4+, total lymphocytes, WBC, RBC. However, lower concentration of ethanolic extract showed much positive effects compared to the aqueous extract. The results of this preliminary study could be used to explore the spleenocyte proliferation and the analysis of spleen cells in order to see the real immunomodultory activity.
RESUMO
The question of interaction between endemic malaria infection and nutritional status of the host is always controversial and their relationship remains difficult to establish. Furthermore, the nutritional requirements of the host include some trace elements that are also essential for malaria parasite. The aim of this work was to assess serum titers of iron, manganese and Cu/Zn ratio, an indicator of oxidative stress during Falciparum malaria among ivorian patients. Design & Methods: The study was conducted between January and June 2013 among 61 malaria infected subjects and 57 uninfected controls aged 8months to 45years. These were previously evaluated about their dietary habits during diagnosis by thick and thin blood smear. For each patient, serum titres of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn were determined using atomic absorption spectrometry followed by determination of Cu/Zn ratio which is an indicator of oxidative stress. Results: The mean of iron titers was of 0.75±0.10mg/L in malaria infected patients compared to 0.94±0.09mg/L in controls. Serum iron progressively decreased as parasitæmia increased, with the lowest mean value (0.46±0.06mg/L) observed when parasite density was >40000/μL. The serum variations of zinc, copper and manganese were not significant. However, the serum titers of zinc and copper in both groups studied were lower than the references; while manganese titer was high. Conclusion: This study shows that Falciparum malaria decreases the serum iron and results in significantly lower iron at high parasitæmia. However, there was no significant variation in oxidative stress with parasitæmia. The fact that serum titers of zinc and copper in both the malaria infected subjects and the control group were lower than the reference levels raises the question of bioavailability and insufficient nutritional intake of these micronutrients, which may be a subject of further study.