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1.
Rev. Méd. Inst. Mex. Seguro Soc ; 60(1): 75-79, 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1361665

RESUMO

Introducción: el pénfigo vulgar comprende un grupo de enfermedades heterogéneas autoinmunes ampollosas de la piel y las mucosas. La afectación esofágica en el pénfigo vulgar es rara, con una prevalencia incierta que requiere un abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico detallado. Caso clínico: mujer de 37 años, con antecedentes de tratamiento con inhibidores de la Cox-2 debido a hernia discal. Se envió a Gastroenterología por pérdida de peso de aprox. 5kg en un mes. La paciente tuvo presencia de disfagia, odinofagia y dolor retroesternal con pobre tolerancia a la vía oral. Se hizo endoscopía que reportó esofagitis disecante superficial y gastropatía eritematosa de antro; el duodeno estaba en estado normal. Los hallazgos se correlacionaron con el diagnóstico de pénfigo vulgar con afectación exclusiva a esófago. En la valoración no se identificaron lesiones en piel, cavidad oral u otras mucosas. Se hizo nueva endoscopía como control y se encontró inmunofluorescencia de biopsia esofágica reactiva a IgG 2. Se dio manejo inicial con glucocorticoides, antiinflamatorios e inmunosupresores. Conclusiones: la importancia del estudio del pénfigo radica no solo en la alta morbimortalidad asociada, sino en lo raro y complejo de su detección, pues los pacientes suelen tardar varios meses en tener un diagnóstico certero y aún más en conseguir las metas terapéuticas. Es prioritaria la difusión del estudio del pénfigo entre los profesionales de lasalud involucrados en su detección.


Background: Pemphigus vulgaris comprises a group of heterogeneous blistering autoimmune diseases of the skin and mucosa. Esophageal involvement within pemphigus vulgaris is rare with an uncertain prevalence that requires a detailed diagnostic and a therapeutic approach. Clinical case: 37-year-old female, with a history of treatment with Cox-2 inhibitors due to herniated disc. She is sent to the Gastroenterology Service for weight loss of approximately 5 kilos in a month, with the presence of dysphagia, odynophagia and retrosternal pain with poor toleranceto the oral route. Endoscopy was performed, which reported esophagitis dissecans superficialis (EDS), erythematous gastropathy of the antrum and normal duodenum. Findings were correlated with the diagnosis ofpemphigus vulgaris with exclusive involvement of the esophagus. The evaluation did not identify lesions on the skin, oral cavity or other mucous membranes. A new endoscopy was performed as a control and it was found immunofluorescence of the esophageal biopsy reactive to IgG 2. Initial management was given with glucocorticoids, anti-inflammatories and immunosuppressants. Conclusions: The importance of the study ofpemphigus lies not only in the high associated morbidity and mortality, but also in its intrinsic rarity and the complexity of its detection, given that patients usually take several months to have an accurate diagnosis and even more time to achieve therapeutic goals. It is a priority the dissemination of the study of pemphigus among health professionals involved in its detection.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Pênfigo , Doenças Autoimunes , Diagnóstico por Imagem , Esôfago
2.
Clinics ; 71(1): 17-21, Jan. 2016. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-771948

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify the main severe potential drug-drug interactions in older adults with dementia and to examine the factors associated with these interactions. METHOD: This was a cross-sectional study. The enrolled patients were selected from six geriatrics clinics of tertiary care hospitals across Mexico City. The patients had received a clinical diagnosis of dementia based on the current standards and were further divided into the following two groups: those with severe drug-drug interactions (contraindicated/severe) (n=64) and those with non-severe drug-drug interactions (moderate/minor/absent) (n=117). Additional socio-demographic, clinical and caregiver data were included. Potential drug-drug interactions were identified using Micromedex Drug Reax 2.0® database. RESULTS: A total of 181 patients were enrolled, including 57 men (31.5%) and 124 women (68.5%) with a mean age of 80.11±8.28 years. One hundred and seven (59.1%) patients in our population had potential drug-drug interactions, of which 64 (59.81%) were severe/contraindicated. The main severe potential drug-drug interactions were caused by the combinations citalopram/anti-platelet (11.6%), clopidogrel/omeprazole (6.1%), and clopidogrel/aspirin (5.5%). Depression, the use of a higher number of medications, dementia severity and caregiver burden were the most significant factors associated with severe potential drug-drug interactions. CONCLUSIONS: Older people with dementia experience many severe potential drug-drug interactions. Anti-depressants, antiplatelets, anti-psychotics and omeprazole were the drugs most commonly involved in these interactions. Despite their frequent use, anti-dementia drugs were not involved in severe potential drug-drug interactions. The number and type of medications taken, dementia severity and depression in patients in addition to caregiver burden should be considered to avoid possible drug interactions in this population.


Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Demência/tratamento farmacológico , Polimedicação , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Cuidadores/psicologia , Interações Medicamentosas , Demência/complicações , Demência/epidemiologia , Depressão/complicações , México/epidemiologia
3.
Salud ment ; 38(1): 33-39, ene.-feb. 2015. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-747777

RESUMO

Background Depression is associated with an increased use of medical resources and reduced quality of life, cognitive functions, functionality and general health. The treatment of depression is limited by the scarcity of mental health professionals, as reflected in the mental health atlas of the World Health Organization. Method A randomised controlled trial that was not blinded was conducted. Family doctors referred patients older than 60 years who were suspected to have depression to the screening module. The PHQ-9 questionnaire, the Six-Item Screener, and previous diagnosis for psychiatric disorders were collected. Major depression was excluded. Those with a score from two to six on the PHQ-9 and with no comorbidities were referred to the Baseline Phase. A simple random process without blocking was applied. Groups of 7-10 participants engaged in weekly sessions over the course of three months. The control group was referred to their family physician. Reduction in depression score of the PHQ-9 was the main outcome. Results and discussion There were 40 patients in the control group (CG) and 41 in the intervention group (IG). 84% were women, 41% married and 41% reported at least primary education. The mean age for the GC was 69.7 years vs. 71.3 in the GI. The baseline mean MMSE score was 23.7 in the GC and 24.1 in the IG. No significant baseline differences between groups were reported. In the IG, 56% of the participants (n=23) displayed a decrease that was greater than or equal to 5 points on the PHQ-9 compared with 30% (n=12) in the control group. The CT group evidenced a marginal improvement.


Antecedentes La depresión se asocia con un aumento en el uso de los recursos médicos y reducción de la calidad de vida, funciones cognitivas, funcionalidad y la salud general. El tratamiento de la depresión está limitado por la escasez de profesionales en salud mental, como se refleja en el atlas de salud mental de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Método Se realizó un ensayo controlado aleatorio no cegado. Los médicos familiares referían a los pacientes mayores de 60 años con sospecha de depresión al módulo de detección. Se aplicó el cuestionario PHQ-9, la prueba de escrutinio de seis ítems, y el diagnóstico previo de trastornos psiquiátricos. Se excluyó a pacientes con depresión mayor. Aquellos con una puntuación de dos a seis en el PHQ-9 y sin comorbilidades fueron remitidos a la fase basal. Se aplicó un proceso aleatorio simple sin bloquear. Se integraron grupos de 7-10 participantes en sesiones semanales durante el transcurso de tres meses. El grupo control fue remitido a su médico familiar. El resultado principal fue la reducción en la puntuación de la depresión del PHQ-9 Resultados y discusión Se estudiaron a 40 pacientes en el grupo control (GC) y 41 en el grupo intervención (GI). 84% eran mujeres, 41% casados y el 41% informó de al menos la educación primaria. La edad media para el GC fue 69.7 años vs. 71.3 en el GI. La puntuación media del MMSE fue de 23.7 en el GC y el 24.1 en el IG. No se registraron diferencias iniciales significativas entre los grupos. El 56% de los participantes del GI mostró una disminución que fue mayor que o igual a cinco puntos en el PHQ-9 en comparación con 30% del GC. El grupo CT demuestra una mejora marginal.

4.
Rev. odontol. mex ; 18(2): 11-119, abr.-jun. 2014. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-714565

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar el comportamiento del Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index y Oral Impacts on Daily Performances como medidas de efecto de la salud bucodental relacionada con la calidad de vida en adultos mayores en una misma población. Métodos: Muestra representativa de adultos mayores derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social del suroeste de la Ciudad de México. Se realizaron entrevistas domiciliarias para conocer las características de la muestra y aplicación de los instrumentos Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index y Oral Impacts on Daily Performances. Evaluación clínica para determinar la experiencia de caries coronal y caries radicular. Resultados: Un total de 531 sujetos de 60 años y más participaron, 68.4% mujeres. La media (desviación estándar) de edad fue de 71.4 (7.0) años. El Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index presentó una media de 46.8 (6.2), y 4.1 (12.4) para el Oral Impacts on Daily Performances. La escolaridad mayor de seis años, no presentar limitaciones, con deterioro cognitivo y sin depresión, presentaron una media mayor del puntaje del Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index en comparación con los que no presentaban (p < 0.05). La escolaridad mayor de seis años, con una actividad laboral remunerada y sin depresión, presentaron una media menor del puntaje del Oral Impacts on Daily Performances en comparación a los que no presentaban (p < 0.05). Existe una correlación entre el Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index y componentes obturados, dientes funcionales (p < 0.05). Los componentes perdidos, obturados e índice caries coronal, así como coronas sanas y dientes funcionales presentaron una correlación con el Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (p < 0.05). Conclusión: El Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index tuvo mayor discriminación en las características de la población y el Oral Impacts on Daily Performances presentó mayor correlación con el estado de la dentición.


Objective: To determine the behavior of the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index as well as the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances as effective measures in oral-dental health related to quality of life in senior citizens in a given population. Methods: A representative sample of senior citizens entitled to medical services at the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (Mexican Institute of Social Security) located in the southwest region of Mexico City. Home interviews were conducted in order to ascertain the sample's characteristics as well as the application of the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances instruments. Clinical evaluation in order to determine experience of crown caries (CPO-D) and root caries CO-R). Results: A total of 531 subjects aged 60 years and over participated in the study, of which 68.4% were female. Age average (AA) was 71.4 years (7.0). Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index exhibited a mean of 46.8 (6.2) and Oral Impacts on Daily Performances showed 4.1 (12.4). Subjects included in the sample had attended school for over 6 years, did not present limitations of cognitive deterioration, and were depression-free, exhibited a higher mean in Oral Impacts on Daily Performances score than those which did not present those characteristics (p < 0.05). Six or more years of schooling with paid work and depression-free subjects presented lesser Oral Impacts on Daily Performances scores when compared to those who did not. (p < 0.05) A correlation was found between the Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index and filled components, functional teeth (p > 0.05). Filled and lost components and CPO-D index as well as healthy crowns and functional teeth exhibited a correlation with Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Geriatric/General Oral Health Assessment Index exhibited higher discrimination in the population's characteristics whereas Oral Impacts on Daily Performances showed higher correlation with the state of the dentition.

5.
Salud ment ; 35(1): 71-77, ene.-feb. 2012. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-653863

RESUMO

Introduction Depression in the elderly is of interest because of its relationship with increased demand for health services, as well as the low frequency of diagnosis. Objective To determine the frequency of depressive symptoms (DS) among elderly beneficiaries in Mexico City by the revised scale of depression of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of the United States (CES-DR) and the Yesavage Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Materials and methods In the first phase of the study we evaluated the presence of significant DS with the 30-item GDS. Those with scores of 11 or more were considered positive and were included in the second phase. In this phase were added a random sample with negative scores. All participants completed the second phase of the revised CES-DR. The 80 percentile was used in this study with a cut-off of 57 points. Results A total of 7449 elderly were included in the first phase. The prevalence of reported significant DS with the GDS was 21.7% (n = 1.616) (IC-95%, 20.4-23.0). The sample for the second phase included 2 923 elderly. The mean age was 70.8 years, 61.7% were women. Twelve percent (95% CI, 9.2-15.3) showed significant DS of major depression, 7.5% (95% CI, 6.3-8.9) was rated as probable, 17.2% (95% CI, 13.022.3) possible, 2.6% (95% CI, 2.2-3.1) sub-threshold depression episode and 60.7% (95% CI, 56.2-65.1) with no significant DS episodes of major depression. Significant frequency of major depression SD is presented using the GDS and CESDR was 6.5% (95% CI, 3.3-12.4). Conclusions The expression of the identified significant SD CES-DR is different from what is reported to the GDS. The CES-DR is more sensitive and specific to identify the presence of depressive symptoms.


Introducción La depresión en el anciano resulta de interés por su relación con el incremento de la demanda de servicios de salud, así como por su baja frecuencia de diagnóstico. Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia de los síntomas depresivos (SD) entre ancianos derechohabientes de la Ciudad de México, mediante la escala revisada de depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos de los Estados Unidos (CES-DR) y la Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yesavage (GDS). Materiales y métodos En la primera fase del estudio se evaluó la presencia de SD significativos con la GDS de 30 ítems. Aquéllos con puntaje de 11 o más fueron considerados como positivos y se incluyeron en la segunda fase. En esta fase se agregó una muestra aleatoria con puntajes negativos. Todos los participantes en la segunda fase completaron la versión revisada del CES-DR. El percentil 80 se utilizó en este estudio con un punto de corte de 57 puntos. Resultados Un total de 7449 adultos mayores fueron incluidos en la primera fase. La prevalencia de SD significativos reportada con el GDS fue de 21.7% (n=1,616) (IC-95%, 20.4-23.0). La muestra para la segunda fase incluyó 2923 adultos mayores. La media de edad fue de 70.8 años, el 61.7% eran mujeres. El 12.0% (IC-95%, 9.2-15.3) presentó SD significativos de depresión mayor, 7.5% (IC-95%, 6.3-8.9) fue calificado como probable, 17.2% (IC-95%, 13.0-22.3) como posible, 2.6% (IC-95%, 2.2-3.1) con episodio de depresión sub-umbral y 60.7% (IC-95%, 56.265.1) sin SD significativos de episodios de depresión mayor. La frecuencia de SD significativos de depresión mayor que se presentó utilizando el GDS y el CESDR fue de 6.5% (IC-95%, 3.3-12.4). Conclusiones La expresión de SD significativos identificada con el CES-DR es diferente a lo que se reporta con el GDS. La CES-DR permite identificar la presencia de síntomas de depresión de manera más sensible y específica.

6.
Salud pública Méx ; 53(1): 17-25, Jan.-Feb. 2011. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-574960

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el impacto del programa Atención Domiciliaria al Enfermo Crónico (ADEC) comparado con la atención habitual (AH) a ancianos con dependencia funcional, derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Cohorte prospectiva a tres meses a partir del egreso hospitalario en dos hospitales de la Ciudad de México. Se ingresaron 130 ancianos con dependencia funcional, 70 insertados al programa ADEC y 60 con atención habitual. Se midió impacto en reingresos hospitalarios y calidad de vida a partir de la escala Perfil de Impacto de la Enfermedad (SIP, por sus siglas en inglés). RESULTADOS: La edad promedio de los ancianos fue de 74 años (61/103) y 60 por ciento fueron mujeres. El principal diagnóstico fue enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC) (30.77 por ciento). El grupo de ADEC mejoró la calidad de vida en la dimensión psicosocial [46.26 (±13.85) comparado con 29.45 (±16.48) vs. 47.03 (±16.47) a 42.36 (±16.35) p<0.05 en grupo habitual]. No se presentaron diferencias en los reingresos (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONES: El programa mejoró la dimensión psicosocial de calidad de vida.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of the ADEC program (acronym in Spanish) as compared with the typical care provided to disabled elderly affiliated with the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cohort at three months after discharge from two general hospitals in Mexico City. A total of 130 patients with functional dependency were studied, 70 in the ADEC program and 60 with typical care. Impact was measured using hospital readmissions and quality of life based on the Sickness Impact Profile (SIP). RESULTS: Average age was 74 (61/103) years and 60 percent were women. The main diagnosis was cerebrovascular disease (30.77 percent). The quality of life in the psychosocial dimension improved for the ADEC group (from 46.26 (±13.85) to 29.45(±16.48) as compared with 47.03 (±16.47) to 42.36 (±16.35) for those receiving typical care (p<0.05). No differences were found regarding hospital readmissions. (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: HC program improved the psychosocial dimension of quality of life.


Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Doença Crônica , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos , Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar , Previdência Social/organização & administração , Neoplasias Abdominais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Cerebrovasculares/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/organização & administração , Serviços de Saúde para Idosos/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar/organização & administração , Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Gerais/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Urbanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Falência Renal Crônica/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Admissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Avaliação de Programas e Projetos de Saúde , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Perfil de Impacto da Doença , Previdência Social/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores Socioeconômicos
7.
Cir. & cir ; 78(1): 5-13, ene.-feb. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-565714

RESUMO

Introducción: La infección nosocomial en sitio quirúrgico (INSQ) en craneotomía puede ocasionar la muerte o discapacidad que modifica la calidad de vida, por lo que se requiere encontrar factores que puedan ser utilizados para incluir en los índices de control. Por ello es necesario identificar factores asociados a esta infección y obtener el riesgo de infección atribuible y comparar su capacidad predictiva con el índice del NNISS (Sistema de Vigilancia Nacional de Infecciones Nosocomiales de Estados Unidos). Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de casos y controles durante dos años, en pacientes con craneotomía en hospitales del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Los pacientes cumplieron los criterios de los Centros de Control de Enfermedades de Atlanta para INSQ. Resultados: Se practicaron 737 craneotomías durante el estudio, 41 pacientes presentaron INSQ. Factores intrínsecos asociados: presencia de enfermedades crónicas (OR = 2.18) y craneotomía debida a causas no traumáticas (OR = 1.87); factores extrínsecos: turno vespertino (OR = 2.6) y la práctica de otra cirugía en el mismo sitio quirúrgico (OR = 5.2). Estos factores conformaron los índices de factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos. Con factores extrínseco se presentó 1.7 veces más riesgo en comparación con los factores intrínsecos, así como mayor área bajo la curva ROC (0.731). El riesgo con el índice NNISS con un factor fue de 1.5 y con dos a tres factores, de 4.7. Conclusiones: En esta población en estudio, los pacientes sometidos a una craneotomía tuvieron mayor asociación a INSQ con los factores extrínsecos.


BACKGROUND: Nosocomial surgical-site infection (NSSI) after craniotomy is responsible for an increase in deaths and/or disabilities that affect quality of life. It is necessary to identify factors to be included in an index for their control. The aim of this study was to a) identify intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with NSSI after craniotomy and b) obtain the infection risk attributed to both intrinsic and extrinsic factors as well as to compare their predictive capability with the NNISS (National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance System) index. METHODS: A case-control study was conducted during a 2-year period in patients who underwent craniotomy in hospitals affiliated with the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. Patients were selected according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for NSSI. RESULTS: During the study period 737 craniotomies were performed, 41 of which presented with NSSI. Intrinsic factors associated with NSSI were the presence of chronic diseases (OR = 2.18) and craniotomy due to nontraumatic causes (OR = 1.87), whereas extrinsic factors were procedures performed during the late shift (OR = 2.6) and another surgery at the same surgical site (OR = 5.2). These factors comprised the index with intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors were 1.7 times higher than intrinsic factors, in addition to having a larger area under the ROC curve (0.731). The risk obtained with the NNISS index for patients who had one factor was 1.5, whereas that for patients who had two or three factors was 4.7. CONCLUSIONS: In the studied population, patients who underwent a craniotomy with extrinsic factors showed a higher association with NSSI.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Craniotomia/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Urbanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Antibioticoprofilaxia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Competência Clínica , Comorbidade , Craniotomia/métodos , Grupos Diagnósticos Relacionados , Desnutrição/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/etiologia , México , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Polimedicação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Índice de Gravidade de Doença
8.
Cir. & cir ; 77(1): 13-19, ene.-feb. 2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-566695

RESUMO

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de infección nosocomial en sitio quirúrgico, aplicar el índice del NNIS y describir las características prequirúrgicas clínicas y bioquímicas de los pacientes sometidos a derivación ventrículo-peritoneal por primera vez. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte durante un año. Se incluyeron pacientes mayores de 18 años sometidos a derivación ventrículo-peritoneal. El seguimiento se efectuó durante 30 días. El diagnóstico de infección se realizó de acuerdo con los criterios establecidos por los Centros de Control de Enfermedades en Atlanta. Se elaboró un cuestionario para identificar los factores contenidos en el índice del NNIS, así como las características clínicas y bioquímicas prequirúrgicas. Resultados: La incidencia anual de infección nosocomial en sitio quirúrgico fue de 12.3 % (9/73). En cuanto al número de factores de acuerdo al NNIS, 55 % de los pacientes no presentó ningún factor; 38 %, uno; 7 %, dos; ningún paciente, tres. ASA: RR = 2.0, IC 95 % = 0.4-11.4. Tipo de herida: RR = 5.1, IC 95 % = 0.5-48.9. Tiempo quirúrgico: RR = 0.6, IC 95 % = 0.1- 4.2. No se observaron diferencias en la frecuencia de enfermedades concomitantes. Conclusiones: Aun cuando las características clínicas y bioquímicas de los pacientes sometidos a derivación ventrículo-peritoneal de primera vez se encontraban dentro de los parámetros normales y no se identificaron factores del NNIS asociados, hubo infección en el sitio quirúrgico en 12.3 % de los pacientes, lo cual sugiere que existen factores que pueden influir en el desarrollo de infección diferentes a los contendidos en el NNIS.


OBJECTIVE: We undertook this study to determine the incidence of nosocomial surgical-site infections, apply the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) index, and describe the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients prior to a first-time ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). METHODS: We conducted a cohort study for 1 year with patients aged 18 years or older who underwent VPS. Patients were followed up for 30 days to identify the presence of an infection. Infection diagnosis was made according to the criteria established by the Centers for Disease Control (Atlanta, GA). A questionnaire was developed to obtain the data regarding the factors contained in the NNIS and the clinical and biochemical characteristics prior to surgery. RESULTS: The annual incidence of nosocomial surgical-site infections was 12.3% (9/73). Distribution of factors according to the NNIS index was as follows: 55% without any factor, 38% with one factor, 7% with two factors, and no patients with three factors. ASA RR = 2.0, 95% CI 0.4-11.4, wound type RR = 5.1, 95% CI 0.5-48.9 and surgical time RR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.1-4.2. No differences were found in the frequency of concomitant diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Even though the clinical and biochemical characteristics of patients who underwent first-time VPS were normal and no associated NNIS factors were identified, 12.3% of the patients developed a nosocomial surgical-site infection. These results suggest the existence of factors other than those contained in the NNIS, which are possibly extrinsic to the individual and may influence the development of infections.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Infecção da Ferida Cirúrgica/epidemiologia , Derivação Ventriculoperitoneal , Estudos de Coortes , Incidência , Fatores de Risco
9.
Salud pública Méx ; 50(6): 447-456, nov.-dic. 2008. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-497452

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychometric qualities of the CES-DR and GDS scales in the elderly and compare them to clinical psychiatric diagnoses. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The first phase consisted of home interviews for determining the psychometric qualities of the GDS and CES-DR scales. In the second phase, psychiatrists conducted diagnostic interviews. The sample consisted of 534 participants older than 60 years of age insured by the Mexican Institute of Social Security. RESULTS: First phase: Cronbach's alpha for the GDS was 0.87 and 0.86 for CES-DR. The GDS factorial analysis found eight factors that could explain 53.5 percent of the total variance and nine factors that explained 57.9 percent in the CES-DR. Second phase: Compared to the psychiatric diagnoses, CES-DR reported a sensitivity of 82 percent and a specificity of 49.2 percent; GDS reported 53.8 percent sensitivity and 78.9 percent specificity. CONCLUSIONS: CES-DR and GDS scales have high reliability and adequate validity but the CES-DR reports higher sensitivity.


RESUMEN OBJETIVO: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de las escalas CES-DR y GDS para depresión en población anciana y compararlas con el diagnóstico clínico psiquiátrico. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: La primera fase consistió en entrevistas en casa para determinar las propiedades psicométricas. En la segunda fase, los psiquiatras condujeron entrevistas diagnósticas. La muestra consistió en 534 participantes de 60 años y más asegurados por el Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. RESULTADOS: Primera fase: Alfa de Cronbach para el GDS y CES-DR fue de 0.87 y 0.86, respectivamente. El análisis factorial del GDS reportó ocho factores que explicaron 53.5 por ciento de la varianza, comparado con nueve del CESDR que explicaron 57.9 por ciento. Segunda fase: Comparado con el diagnóstico psiquiátrico, el CES-DR reportó una sensibilidad de 82 por ciento y una especificidad de 49.2 por ciento comparado con 53.8 por ciento y 78.9 por ciento, respectivamente del GDS. CONCLUSIONES: Las escalas CES-DR y GDS tienen consistencia y adecuada validez pero el CES-DR reporta más alta sensibilidad.


Assuntos
Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Depressão/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo/diagnóstico , Entrevista Psicológica/métodos , Vigilância da População/métodos , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Entrevistas como Assunto , México/epidemiologia , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Psiquiatria/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Amostragem , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos
10.
Salud pública Méx ; 49(3): 173-181, mayo-jul. 2007. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-453570

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Evaluar el efecto que tiene el estado de la dentición en la capacidad de los ancianos para desempeñar sus actividades habituales en los últimos seis meses. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal en ancianos derechohabientes del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social del suroeste de la Ciudad de México. Se realizaron entrevistas domiciliarias para recabar datos sociodemográficos, utilización de los servicios de salud bucodental, problemas para realizar actividades regulares y su relación con el estado de la dentición en los últimos seis meses, mediante el índice OIDP (Oral Impacts on Daily Performances). Con posterioridad, tres profesionales de la salud bucodental, capacitados para determinar el estado de la dentición de acuerdo con los criterios de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, realizaron un examen clínico. RESULTADOS: Se estudió a 540 ancianos. La prevalencia de pacientes geriátricos con problemas para llevar a cabo sus actividades habituales fue de 21.5 por ciento. Los principales problemas en las actividades habituales fueron comer (14.4 por ciento), hablar (8.7 por ciento), incapacidad de no irritarse (5.4 por ciento), lavarse los dientes (5 por ciento) e imposibilidad de disfrutar el contacto con la gente (4.4 por ciento). Existe una correlación del OIDP positiva entre el número de dientes perdidos y el índice CPO-D (p<0.05) y negativa entre el número de dientes funcionales y los obturados (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONES: El estado de la dentición en los ancianos tiene repercusiones en la capacidad para efectuar sus actividades habituales y, por lo tanto, afecta la calidad de vida, con mayores consecuencias en comer y disfrutar los alimentos, así como hablar y pronunciar de modo correcto.


OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dental state on the capacity of elderly individuals to carry out their daily activities during the previous six months. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A transversal study was conducted in the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) with insured elderly persons residing in southwestern Mexico City. Home interviews were conducted to gather sociodemographic data, data on the use of oral health services, problems in carrying out daily activities, and their relationship with the state of dentition over the past six months, utilizing the Oral Impacts on Daily Performance (OIDP) index. Later, three oral health professionals trained in determining the state of dentition according to World Health Organization (WHO) criteria performed a clinical examination on each elderly subject. RESULTS: A total of 540 elderly individuals were studied. The prevalence of elderly persons with problems in carrying out their daily activities was 21.5 percent. The main problems in daily activities were eating (14.4 percent), speaking (8.7 percent), not becoming irritated (5.4 percent), brushing their teeth(5 percent), and inability to enjoy contact with people (4.4 percent). There is a positive OIDP correlation between number of teeth lost and the decayed, missing, filled teeth(DMFT) index (p<0.05) and a negative correlation with the number of functional and filled teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The state of dentition in the elderly has repercussions on the capacity to carry out daily activities, with quality of life most seriously affected with regard to eating and enjoying food, as well as with respect to correct pronunciation.


Assuntos
Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Atividades Cotidianas , Dentição , Nível de Saúde , Estudos Transversais
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