High sodium diet on the prevalence and mortality of gastric cancer in Xi'an / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the effect of high sodium diet on the prevalence and mortality of gastric cancer in Xi'an , and to provide reference for its clinical treatment and prevention. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on 604 inpatients in tertiary hospitals in Xi'an from 2018 to 2020, and data including medical history, medication use, daily sodium intake and gastric cancer incidence were collected. A one-year follow-up was completed, and all-cause mortality was recorded during the follow-up period. Results A total of 604 cases , there were 81 cases of gastric cancer and 523 cases of non-gastric cancer, with a prevalence rate of 13.41%. Among patients with gastric cancer, 49 (8.11%) were male and 32 (5.30%) were female. There were 9 cases (1.49%) aged 30-40 years, 14 cases (2.32%) aged 41-50 years, 27 cases (4.47%) aged 51-60 years and 31 cases (5.13%) aged 60 years and above. The gastric cancer and non-gastric cancer patients yielded no statistical difference in terms of age, gender and medical history (P>0.05), while the proportion of sodium intake was significantly higher in gastric cancer patients than in non-gastric cancer patients (P<0.05). Logistics analysis showed that high sodium diet was a risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (P<0.05). The proportion of high sodium diets was 40.89% (247/604) in all selected individuals, 72.84% (59/81) in gastric cancer patients and 35.95% (188/523) in non-gastric cancer patients. The proportion of patients on a high sodium diet demonstrated statistical difference between gastric cancer and non-gastric cancer patients (P<0.05). One-year follow-up showed that 58 of 81 gastric cancer patients survived (71.60%) and 23 died (28.40%), including 20 survivors (34.48%) and 17 deaths (73.91%) on a high-sodium diet. Significant difference was found in the proportion of patients on high sodium diet between dead and surviving gastric cancer patients (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence and mortality rate of gastric cancer caused by high sodium diet is high among residents in Xi'an , clinical guidance on sodium intake is of great importance to patients.

Developmental comparison between cerebral organoids in vitro and body's cortices in vivo / 解剖学报

Objective To understand the characteristics and developmental differences between cerebral organoids in vitro and normal cerebral cortices in vivo. Methods 1. Grouping: cerebral cortices in vivo group and cultured cerebral organoids in vitro group. 2. Sample collection: cortical tissues were collected from Kunming mouse embryos at embryonic day 7.5(E7.5), E9.5, E11.5, E14.5, and postnatal day 3 (P3) or P7. Three specimens were taken from each group. Meanwhile, cerebral organoids were cultured with mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and samples at different culture time point were collected, and more than 3 samples were collected at each time point. 3. Detection method: the distribution of different types of cells in each group of specimens was analyzed by immunofluorescent staining. Results While relative similarities between in vivo cerebral cortical development and the cerebral organoids in vitro were observed, including the histogenesis, and the morphological differentiation of nerve cells and glial cells, the lamellar architecture of cerebral cortex in mouse brain was not observed in cerebral organoids. Conclusion The development of cerebral organoids in vitro has some similarity with body's cortical development. Therefore, cerebral organoids can be used to a substitution of cortex and diseases' models, but improvement of the existing technologies is necessary.

Mechanism of electroacupuncture regulating the ligand pathway of tyrosine kinase receptor in improving vascular dementia / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the potential mechanism of electroacupuncture regulating the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor B2/erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular receptor-interacting B2/big mitogen-activated protein kinase 1(EphB2/EphrinB2/BMK1) signaling pathway to improve neural damage in vascular dementia rats. Methods Eighty SD male adult rats were randomly divided into a sham surgery group, a model group, a non acupoint electroacupuncture group, a nimodipine group, and an electroacupuncture three needle group. The vascular dementia rat model was made by the modified Pulsinelli four vessel occlusion method. After grouping, the rats in each group were subjected to water maze test, HE staining, Nissl staining, and transmission electron microscopy(TEM) to observe the pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 area, and the expression of EphB2 and BMK1 in the hippocampal CA1 area was detected by immunohistochemistry; Detection of EphB2 and BMK1 protein expression in rat hippocampal CA1 region was detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with the model group, the escape latency of vascular dementia rats treated with electroacupuncture and nimodipine decreased (P0.05). Compared with the nimodipine group, the expression of EphB2 and BMK1 in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats in the electroacupuncture Zhisanzhen group significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture may improve the damage of hippocampal neurons in vascular dementia rats by increasing the expression of EphB2 and BMK1 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, thereby improving the learning and memory of vascular dementia rats.

GAO Hong's clinical experience in treatment of tic disorder with acupuncture technique of cultivating the primary and regulating the mind / 中国针灸

The paper introduces the clinical experience of GAO Hong in treatment of tic disorder. GAO Hong believes that tic disorder results from the primary qi deficiency and mind disturbance. Acupuncture for cultivating the primary and regulating the mind is proposed specially for tic disorder. This acupuncture technique focuses on harmonizing and regulating governor vessel and conception vessel. In clinical practice, the conception vessel acupoints on the abdomen and the governor vessel acupoints on the head are selected particularly, e.g. Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4) on the abdomen; Baihui (GV 20), Shenting (GV 24), Benshen (GB 13) and Yintang (GV 24+) on the head. The needling sequence and the insertion depth are emphasized, which affect the curative effect and GV 20 is generally punctured first. Besides, considering to the type of disorder and the affected site, tic disorder is treated in view of both syndrome/pattern differentiation and symptom differentiation.

Distribution and drug resistance profiles of pathogens causing bloodstream infection after chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To study the changes in the distribution and drug resistance profiles of pathogens causing bloodstream infection after chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.@*METHODS@#The medical data were collected from the children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2015 and December 2020 and developed bloodstream infection after chemotherapy. The samples were divided into the first three years group and the next three years group according to the time of testing to investigate the differences in the distribution and drug resistance profiles of pathogens as time.@*RESULTS@#A total of 235 strains of pathogens were isolated, among which there were 159 Gram-negative strains (67.7%; mainly Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae), 61 Gram-positive strains (26.0%; mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis), and 15 strains of fungi (6.4%; mainly Candida albicans). There were no significant differences between the first three years group and the next three years group in the detection rate of Gram-negative bacteria (68.8% vs 66.9%, P>0.05) or Gram-positive bacteria (29.2% vs 23.7%, P>0.05). Compared with the first three years group, the next three years group had significant increases in the detection rate of Streptococcus mitis (5.8% vs 0.0%, P<0.05) and fungi (9.4% vs 2.1%, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the drug resistance rate of Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria between the two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are the main pathogens of bloodstream infection after chemotherapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, while the detection rates of Streptococcus mitis and fungi tend to increase as time, which needs to be taken seriously in clinical practice.

Construction of a drug screening model for miscarriage from induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro / 药学学报

Drug use during pregnancy is unavoidable. Therefore, it is vitally important for medical workers to help pregnant women take drugs correctly to reduce the incidence of spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and low birth weight. In our study, drug screening model with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) was used to find some improper drugs which will result in woman's abortion. With 3D culture in vitro, iPSCs can form embryoid bodies (EBs) and cerebral organoids, which simulated in vitro development of early embryos, from inner cell mass to germ-layer differentiation. In the experiment, EBs were exposed to mifepristone (RU486), and three experimental groups were divided randomly. They were control group (without RU486), low-dose group (L-RU486, 10 μg·mL-1), and high-dose group (H-RU486, 20 μg·mL-1). After mifepristone exposure, EBs were observed at days 5, 8, and 11, including size of EB, cell apoptosis, and differentiation of germ layers, by using inverted optical microscope, TUNEL assay, and immunofluorescent staining. The results showed that through 3D culture, iPSCs could develop into embryoid bodies, neural rosettes, and finally cerebral organoids. After mifepristone exposure, EBs' sizes were decreased (P < 0.01); the levels of cell apoptosis in EBs were increased after mifepristone exposure (P < 0.01); the development of EBs' germ layer was affected. Mifepristone exposure could inhibit the proliferation of embryonic stem cells, reduce the differentiation of ectoderm (P < 0.01) and promote the development of mesoderm (P < 0.05). In conclusion, iPSCs can be used as a screening model for abortion drug, and EBs’ diameter, cell apoptosis, and differentiation changes of the germ layers can serve as criteria of abortion drug screening.

Evidence-based management of bronchiolitis: A brief introduction of Australasian bronchiolitis guideline / 中国小儿急救医学

Bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract disorder in infants less than 12 months of age.Wide variation in the management of bronchiolitis exists between Australia and New Zealand, with up to 48% of infants admitted into hospital receiving treatment which is proved by high quality(Cochrane-level) evidence to be no benefit.For this reason, the Australian Guidelines Development Committee has developed the first high-quality Australian guidelines for bronchiolitis.The guideline provide suggestions for the management of children with bronchiolitis in emergency departments and general pediatric wards, and provide evidence for clinical practice.

Serum antibody levels in COVID-19 patients six months after hospital discharge / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the level of serum antibodies in COVID-19 patients six months after discharge， and to provide data to evaluate the duration of IgM， IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in the patients. MethodsEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the antibody levels of IgM and IgG， and the new coronavirus live virus neutralization test was used to detect the neutralizing antibodies in the plasma of 181 recovered patients. ResultsThe IgG positive rate was 92.27% （167/181） in COVID-19 patients six months after discharge， while the lgM positive rate was 28.18% （51/181）. Six months after hospital discharge， 117 recovered patients （64.64%） were positive for IgG antibodies and negative for IgM antibodies， indicating that they had produced stable antibodies. This result suggested that they had been infected with the new coronavirus （SARS-CoV-2） and were in the recovery stage. The positive detection rate of neutralizing antibodies was as high as 91.71%. ConclusionSix months after infection with SARS-CoV-2， IgG antibodies produced in the patients continue to exist， and the neutralizing antibodies maintain a high and stable level. Results of this study have important guiding significance for future research on the durability of new coronavirus antibodies.

Serum antibody levels in COVID-19 patients six months after hospital discharge / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate the level of serum antibodies in COVID-19 patients six months after discharge， and to provide data to evaluate the duration of IgM， IgG and neutralizing antibody titers in the patients. MethodsEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to determine the antibody levels of IgM and IgG， and the new coronavirus live virus neutralization test was used to detect the neutralizing antibodies in the plasma of 181 recovered patients. ResultsThe IgG positive rate was 92.27% （167/181） in COVID-19 patients six months after discharge， while the lgM positive rate was 28.18% （51/181）. Six months after hospital discharge， 117 recovered patients （64.64%） were positive for IgG antibodies and negative for IgM antibodies， indicating that they had produced stable antibodies. This result suggested that they had been infected with the new coronavirus （SARS-CoV-2） and were in the recovery stage. The positive detection rate of neutralizing antibodies was as high as 91.71%. ConclusionSix months after infection with SARS-CoV-2， IgG antibodies produced in the patients continue to exist， and the neutralizing antibodies maintain a high and stable level. Results of this study have important guiding significance for future research on the durability of new coronavirus antibodies.

Epidemiological characteristics and trends of stroke death in Hexi District of Tianjin from 2007 to 2019 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of stroke death among registered residents in Hexi District of Tianjin from 2007 to 2019，and to provide scientific basis for evaluation of comprehensive prevention and control strategies and measures of stroke. Methods:All death monitoring data of the residents was collected and the crude mortality， standardized mortality and annual percent change （APC） of stroke were obtained by statistical treatment. Results:A total of 15 235 stroke deaths were reported in Hexi District of Tianjin from 2007 to 2019，with an average annual mortality rate of 144.59/105. The rate was higher in males than in females （169.02/105 in males and 121.04/105 in females， P<0.001）. The crude mortality rate showed an upward trend with the year （APC=1.51%， P<0.05）. The standardized mortality rate showed a downward trend （APC=-1.39%， P<0.05）. The crude mortality of ischemic stroke showed an upward trend with the year （APC=3.15%， P<0.01）， and the trend change in standardized mortality rate had no statistical significance. The crude mortality and standardized mortality of hemorrhagic stroke showed a downward trend，with the mortality rate decreased at 2.43% per year and the standardized mortality rate decreased at the 4.50% per year （all P<0.05）. Conclusion:Stroke is the main disease affecting the health of residents in Hexi District of Tianjin. Targeted measures should be taken to reduce the mortality of stroke. Stroke prevention and control should focus on winter and spring seasons， males， elderly people and patients with ischemic stroke.

Cystic fibrosis in 2 children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Clinical data of 2 children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in the Department of Pediatrics of Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital from April 2018 to June 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.Patient 1 was an 11-year-old girl with no history of recurrent respiratory infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in the first sputum culture.A large number of yellow and white secretions were visible under repeated fiberoptic bronchoscopy.Chest CT showed multiple spots and tree-in-bud signs around the bronchi of both lungs. CFTR gene test results revealed 3 heterozygous mutations: c.2909G>A (chr7: 117246728), c.*133T>A (chr7: 117307295) and c. *125delT (chr7: 117307285). The other patient was a 7-year-old boy with a history of recurrent respiratory infections.His parents were close relatives.Multiple cultures of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the boy were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and chest CT suggested dilation and inflammation in bronchi of both lungs.Gene detection showed that the c. 380T>G homozygous mutation at chromosome chr7-117171059 resulted in an amino acid change p. leu127stop (nonsense mutation). This article suggests that CF should be considered for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected children having signs of bronchiectasis on chest CT and a large number of secretions under bronchoscopy.Besides, it is necessary for such kind of children to perform genetic testing in time to confirm the diagnosis as soon as possible.

Intrauterine hypoxia slowing the development of Purkinje cells and reducing the expression of cerebellin in mice / 解剖学报

Objective To investigate the effects of the development of Purkinje cells and expression of cerebellin in postnatal mice with intrauterine hypoxia. Methods Twenty healthy adult Kunming mice were randomly divided into two groups : control group and hypoxia group, with 10 mice in each group. Mice in the hypoxia group were placed in the hypoxia chamber of the animal since the 14th day of gestation to make an animal model of intrauterine hypoxia. After the mother gave birth, the experimental animals were divided into hypoxia group and control group. There were 6 age groups including postnatal day (P)0, P5, P9, P14, P21 and P30 in each group, and 5 mice in each age group. The cerebellum tissue was taken for vibrating sectioning. The developmental changes of calbindin-positive Purkinje cells were detected by immunofluorescence technique. The expression of cerebellin in Purkinje cell protuberances was detected by cerebellin (CBLN)l, CBLN4 and calbindin double labeling. Finally, Western blotting was used to semi-quantitatively analyze the protein expression of cerebellar peptide in cerebellum at each time point. Results Compared with the control group of the same age, the number of cerebellar Purkinje cells in the hypoxic group decreased, the dendritic branches decreased, and the arrangement was disordered, and the expression of CBLN1 and CBLN4 in the cortex were significantly reduced. Conclusion Intrauterine hypoxia leads to abnormal development of the cerebellar Purkinje cells and synaptic changes.

Acupoint catgut embedding inhibiting neuroinflammation in vascular dementia rats / 解剖学报

Objective To observe the effect of acupoint catgut embedding on the expression of inflammatory factor mRNA in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) signal pathway of vascular dementia (VD) rats, and to explore the protective mechanism of acupoint catgut embedding on the brain inflammatory response of VD rats. Methods VD model was established by the modified Pulsinelli ' s four vessel blocking method. Totally 148 male rats were randomly divided into VD model group, non acupoint catgut embedding group and acupoint catgut embedding group. On the 7th day after operation, catgut embedding at acupoints and catgut embedding at non acupoints were performed in the two treatment groups respectively, and materials were taken out 15 days later. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of COX-2 and PGE2, and real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), interieukin(IL)-6, macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), IL-lβ, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 ( MCP-1 ) in rat hippocampus. Results Compared with the sham group, the expressions of COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, ICAM-1, IL-6, MIP-2, IL-lβ and MCP-1 in hippocampus of the other three groups were significantly higher (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the expressions of COX-2, PGE2 protein and TNF-α, ICAM-1, IL-6, MIP-2, IL-lβ, MCP-1 mRNA in the hippocampus of the acupoint catgut embedding group and the non acupoint catgut embedding group decreased significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion Acupoint catgut embedding can protect the brain from inflammatory injury by down-regulating the expression of related inflammatory factors in COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway and reducing the inflammatory response induced by VD rats.

Hippocampal vascular injury and cognitive impairment in a mixed mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus / 解剖学报

Objective To study the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the cerebral blood vessels in Alzheimer's disease (AD), and to explore its mechanism of influence on the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Methods To generate a mouse model with AD complicated with long-term T2DM, forty 6-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet for 6 months, that was, when mice at 12 months of age, they were intraperitoneally injected with 1% streptozotocin solution for 4 consecutive days. Then, mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: the normal control group, AD model group, T2DM model group and AD complicated with T2DM model group, 10 mice were used in each group. The learning and memory ability of the mice were tested by the mouse step-down assay, and the vascular morphology of the mice's hippocampal CAI area was observed by ink perfusion. Then oil red 0 staining and immunofluorescent staining were applied to test the pathological indices of the hippocampal area in the model. Results Compared with the control group, AD combined with T2DM mice showed decreasing significantly abilities in the learning and memory (P<0.05), and the blood vessels in the hippocampus became thinner and the vascular density decreased. Moreover, T2DM promoted lipid deposits and vascular leak in the hippocampus of the model. Additionally, the expression of β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE-1), nuclear factor (NF)-κB and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -9 were increased compared with the controls in the hippocampal CAI region. Conclusion T2DM plays a negative regulatory role on learning and memory functions of mice, accelerates the onset of AD and result in cerebrovascular lesions. In addition, the abnormal expression of MMP-9 may also be one of the causes of AD vascular lesions.

Professor 's clinical experience in treatment of infertility of ovulation disturbance with acupuncture-moxibustion therapy / 中国针灸

The characteristics of syndrome differentiation and the experience of professor were briefly introduced for the treatment of infertility of ovulation disturbance, including three aspects, named the thought of diagnosis and treatment, the therapeutic method and the acupoint prescription, as well as the clinical case report. Academically, professor is deeply influenced by professor , the acupuncture master of Xin'an school and Lingnan school. Regarding the treatment of gynecological diseases, the academic thought of professor - and - is contributed. Professor attaches the importance to the syndrome differentiation based on meridian and collateral, supplemented by the syndrome differentiation of , , and blood, cold and heat, as well as the deficiency and excess. In clinical treatment, the acupoints are selected specially from the conception vessel, the governor vessel, the thoroughfare vessel and the belt vessel. The extra meridians are equally important as the regular ones in the treatment, especially the belt vessel. Additionally, the treatment focuses on communicating the congenital with the acquired one, regulating the liver and benefiting the kidney, as well as adjusting the heart, the spleen and the stomach to ease the uterus. Simultaneously, the great consideration is paid to the menstruation regulation so as to promote pregnancy.

Comparative plastomic analysis of three Bulbophyllum medicinal plants and its significance in species identification / 药学学报

italic>Bulbophyllum orchids are popular for its ornamental appearance and great medicinal values. However, there is still a lack of research on phylogenetic relationship and species identification for this genus. In this study, the plastome sequences of three medicinal Bulbophyllum orchids (Bulbophyllum affine, Bulbophyllum pectinatum, Bulbophyllum funingense) were sequenced and analyzed. After assembly and annotation, it was found that the plastomes of Bulbophyllum plants encoded a total of 108 genes, including 74 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. Based on the analysis of mVISTA and comparison between junctions, it was found that the plastome structure of Bulbophyllum orchids was relatively conserved, and the variation mainly existed in the non-coding regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Bulbophyllum orchids were closely related to Dendrobium orchids. SSR analysis of Bulbophyllum showed that most SSRs were located in the intergenic spacer and had the most single nucleotide repeats. In addition, based on the comparative analysis of non-coding sequences, a total of 10 high-variability sequences were screened out, among which the combination of five non-coding region sequences, including psbI-trnS, psbC-trnS, clpP-ex1-psbB, psaJ-rpl33, rpl33-rps18, had the highest sequence variability and could be used in the species identification study of medicinal plants of Bulbophyllum. In conclusion, this study provides a theoretical basis for phylogenetic relationship and species identification of Bulbophyllum orchids through the comparative analysis of plastome sequences of three medicinal plants of the genus Bulbophyllum.

Diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea in children:2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Diarrhea is one of the main disease types of illness and death in children in developing countries,and infectious diarrhea is especially harmful to children's health.A panel of multidisciplinary experts in management of infectious diarrhea in children and adults was convened in 2012.Panel participants included representatives from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA),Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),and the Infectious Disease Society of America (IDSA) Standards and Practice Guidelines Committee (SPGC).In 2017,the panel issued a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diarrhea,which was validated and recommended for the management of infectious diarrhea.Now,the part of the content on children in the guide was described.

Interpretation of disaster response plans in the neonatal intensive care unit / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The disaster response plans in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was endorsed by the Group of Pedia-tric Disaster,Pediatric Society,Chinese Medical Association and the Pediatrics Committee,Medical Association of Chinese People's Liberation Army in 2017.This article is designed to interpret these plans.Disaster contingency plans need to be developed in advance to serve as principles and guidelines for the provision of medical assistance by medical institutions in disaster conditions.The implementation of disaster rescue is a systematic project,including meeting various conditions of disaster rescue,ensuring the implementation of medical treatment measures,establishing efficient transport/evacuation mechanism and family members' participation in disaster rescue.In the process of disaster rescue,the solution of ethical problems should be paid attention.In post-disaster reconstruction process,attention should be paid to the psychological counseling of the newborn's family members and medical staffs.NICU medical staffs need to improve their disaster response capacity through continuous learning and exercises.

Diagnosis and management of infectious diarrhea in children: 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Cli-nical Practice Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Diarrhea is one of the main disease types of illness and death in children in developing countries, and infectious diarrhea is especially harmful to children′s health.A panel of multidisciplinary experts in management of infectious diarrhea in children and adults was convened in 2012.Panel participants included representatives from the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC), and the Infectious Disease Society of America(IDSA) Standards and Practice Guidelines Committee (SPGC). In 2017, the panel issued a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diarrhea, which was validated and recommended for the management of infectious diarrhea.Now, the part of the content on children in the guide was described.

Interpretation of disaster response plans in the neonatal intensive care unit / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

The disaster response plans in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was endorsed by the Group of Pedia-tric Disaster, Pediatric Society, Chinese Medical Association and the Pediatrics Committee, Medical Association of Chinese People′s Liberation Army in 2017.This article is designed to interpret these plans.Disaster contingency plans need to be developed in advance to serve as principles and guidelines for the provision of medical assistance by medical institutions in disaster conditions.The implementation of disaster rescue is a systematic project, including meeting various conditions of disaster rescue, ensuring the implementation of medical treatment measures, establishing efficient transport/evacuation mechanism and family members′ participation in disaster rescue.In the process of disaster rescue, the solution of ethical problems should be paid attention.In post-disaster reconstruction process, attention should be paid to the psychological counseling of the newborn′s family members and medical staffs.NICU medical staffs need to improve their disaster response capacity through continuous learning and exercises.