RESUMO
The system of classification of psychiatric disorders has evolved during the last half-century. This article briefly reviews the modifications of the structure of the chapter "Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders" in DSM-5; then analyzes in detail the changes that were specifically made for schizophrenia. Among them, the fundamentals are: a) the elimination of the special treatment of bizarre delusions and hallucinations of Schneiderian "first rank", b) the clarification of the definition of negative symptoms, and c) the addition of the requirement that at least one of the two required characteristic symptoms should be disorganized speech, hallucinations or delusions. It also discusses the elimination of subtypes of schizophrenia and the addition of psychopathological dimensions, and the consequences of the lack of validated biomarkers that could facilitate the diagnosis.