Tanshinone ⅡA activates PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit the apoptosis of mice cochlear pericytes induced by high glucose / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate whether tanshinone ⅡA can protect the apoptosis of mice cochlear pericytes induced by high glucose and its specific protective mechanism, so as to provide experimental evidence for the prevention and treatment of diabetic hearing loss. Methods: C57BL/6J male mice were used to prepare type 2 diabetes model, which were divided into normal (NG) group, diabetic (DM) group, diabetic+tanshinone ⅡA (HG+tanshinone ⅡA) group and tanshinone ⅡA group. Each group had 10 animals. Primary cochlear pericytes were divided into NG group, HG group (high glucose 35 mmol/L), HG+tanshinone ⅡA (1, 3, 5 μmol/L) group, HG+Tanshinone ⅡA+LY294002 (PI3K/AKT pathway inhibitor) group, LY294002 group, tanshinone ⅡA group and DMSO group. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to measure hearing threshold. Evans blue was used to detect the permeability of blood labyrinth barrier in each group. TBA methods were used to detect oxidative stress levels in various organs of mice. Morphological changes of stria vascularis were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). Evans blue was used to detect the vascular labyrinth barrier permeability in cochlea. The expression of apoptosis protein in stria vascularis pericytes was observed by immunofluorescence. Pericytes apoptosis rate was observed by flow cytometry. DCFH-DA was combined with flow cytometry to detect intracellular ROS content, and Western blot was used to detect the expression of apoptotic proteins (Cleaved-caspase3, Bax), anti-apoptotic proteins (BCL-2) and pathway proteins (PI3K, p-PI3K, AKT, p-AKT). SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Independent sample t test was performed, and P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Animal experiments: Tanshinone ⅡA decreased the hearing threshold of DM group [(35.0±3.5) dB SPL vs. (55.3±8.1) dB SPL] (t=4.899, P<0.01), decreased the oxidative stress level in cochlea (t=4.384, P<0.05), improved the structure disorder, atrophy of cochlea vascular lines, vacuole increased phenomenon. Tanshinone ⅡA alleviated the increased permeability of the blood labyrinth barrier [Evans blue leakage (6.84±0.27) AU vs. (8.59±0.85) AU] in the cochlea of DM mice (t=2.770, P<0.05), reversed the apoptotic protein: Caspase3 (t=4.956, P<0.01) and Bax (t=4.388, P<0.05) in cochlear vascularis. Cell experiments: Tanshinone ⅡA decreased intracellular ROS content in a concentration-dependent way (t=3.569, P<0.05; t=4.772, P<0.01; t=7.494, P<0.01); Tanshinone ⅡA decreased apoptosis rate and apoptotic protein, and increased the expression of anti-apoptotic protein, p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT in concentration-dependent manner (all P values<0.05); LY294002 reversed the protective effect of tanshinone ⅡA on pericytes apoptosis (all P values<0.05). Conclusion: Tanshinone ⅡA can inhibit the apoptosis of cochlear pericytes induced by high glucose by reducing oxidative stress level and activating PI3K/AKT signaling pathway under high glucose environment, thus playing a protective role in diabetic hearing loss.

Effect of total flavonoids of Rosa rugosa on PI3K/AKT pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress apoptosis in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the effects of total flavonoids from Rosa rugosa (TFR) on cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (CIRI) in rats, and to investigate whether TFR inhibited neuronal apoptosis by regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) pathways. Methods SD rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, model group, low-dose group (50 mg · kg

Pyruvate Supplementation Can Prevent HIIE-induced Metabolic Acidosis and Increase the Expression of MCT1/MCT4 in Skeletal Muscles of Rats / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

As one of the causes of exercise-induced fatigue, exercise-induced metabolic acidosis has attracted much attention. The effect of pyruvate supplementation on exercise-induced metabolic acidosis is rarely reported, and its mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play an important role in the maintenance of the acid-base balance, but it is not clear whether pyruvate can alleviate acidosis by increasing the expression of MCTs. In this study, pyruvate (616 mg/kg/day) was supplemented to rats for one week, and then acute HIIE was performed. The HIIE protocol comprised 13 repeats of a 60 s sprint session at 110% VO

Evolution of CT characteristics of reversed halo sign in pulmonary tuberculosis / 中华放射学杂志

Objective:To explore the evolution of CT characteristics of the "reversed halo sign" of pulmonary tuberculosis, and to further improve the recognition of its CT signs.Methods:Clinical and CT data of 12 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were clinically and pathologically confirmed and accompanied with CT manifestation of "reversed halo sign" in First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from August 2013 to April 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Pathological and imaging contrastl analysis was performed on 1 patient undergoing surgical treatment.Results:Among 12 cases with "reversed halo sign", there were 2 cases with single lesion in unilateral lung, 2 cases with multiple lesions in unilateral lung, and 8 cases with multiple lesions in bilateral lungs. Three cases showed only "reversed halo sign", 9 cases showed both halo-like sign and uniform fireworks sign. "Tree-in-bud "sign was found in all 12 patients in the outer ring of the "reversed halo sign". Eight patients received three or more CT examinations, and six of them showed reduction of density and volume of the "reversed halo sign" after standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment. Under the natural course of the disease in two cases, the overall enlargement of the lesion was observed in 1 case, and the overall density of the lesion was reduced and the outer ring wall of the "reversed halo sign" was thinned in 1 case. The pathology of one case after surgical lobectomy showed granulomatous inflammatory nodules of varying sizes containing Langerhans nodule giant cells in the lung parenchyma. The typical caseous necrotic granulomatous nodules were rare here. The "reversed halo sign" showed dense Langerhans nodules in the outer ring, sparse central areas with fibrous hyperplasia and alveolar wall thickening.Conclusions:The outer ring of "reversed halo sign" of pulmonary tuberculosis shows as "tree-in-bud" sign, and its center shows as the fine reticulation pattern. After effective anti-tuberculosis treatment, both the overall density of "reversed halo sign" and the lesion size reduced. Finally, the lesions mostly present as as fine grid shadows for a long time.

β -Glucan Improves Protective Qi Status in Adults with Protective Qi Deficiency-A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, and Double-Blinded Trial / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To test the hypothesis that β -glucan enhances protective qi (PQi), an important Chinese medicine (CM) concept which stipulates that a protective force circulates throughout the body surface and works as the first line of defense against "external pernicious influences".@*METHODS@#A total of 138 participants with PQi deficiency (PQD) were randomized to receive β -glucan (200 mg daily) or placebo for 12 weeks. Participants' PQi status was assessed every 2 weeks via conventional diagnosis and a standardized protocol from which a PQD severity and risk score was derived. Indices of participants' immune and general health status were also monitored, including upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), saliva secretory IgA (sIgA), and self-reported measures of physical and mental health (PROMIS).@*RESULTS@#PQi status was not significantly different between the β -glucan and placebo treatment groups at baseline but improved significantly in the β -glucan (vs. placebo) group in a time-dependent manner. The intergroup differences [95% confidence interval (CI)] in severity score (scale: 1-5), risk score (scale: 0-1), and proportion of PQD participants (%) at finish line was 0.49 (0.35-0.62), 0.48 (0.35-0.61), and 0.36 (0.25-0.47), respectively. Additionally, β -glucan improved URTI symptom (scale: 1-9) and PROMIS physical (scale: 16.2-67.7) and mental (scale: 21.2-67.6) scores by a magnitude (95% CI) of 1.0 (0.21-1.86), 5.7 (2.33-9.07), and 3.0 (20.37-6.37), respectively, over placebo.@*CONCLUSIONS@#β -glucan ameliorates PQi in PQD individuals. By using stringent evidence-based methodologies, our study demonstrated that Western medicine-derived remedies, such as β -glucan, can be employed to advance CM therapeutics. (ClinicalTrial.Gov registry: NCT03782974).

Analysis of lens power and its influencing factors in children aged 3-12 years / 中华实验眼科杂志

Objective:To understand the changing trend and influencing factors of lens power (LP) in children aged 3-12 in Jing'an District, Shanghai.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted.One hundred and thirty-one eyes of 131 patients with refractive errors were included in the Optometry Clinic of Shanghai Eye Hospital from October 2019 to January 2020.The 1% atropine sulfate was employed to dilate pupils for children aged 6 years or younger, and 0.5% topiramate for children older than 6 years.The axial length, mean keratometry (Km), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and central corneal thickness (CCT) were measured using an IOL Master.The spherical equivalent (SE) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) were measured after cycloplegia using autorefractor and phoropter, and the LP was calculated using the Bennett formula.The patients were divided into different age groups, including 3-4 years group (16 eyes), 5-6 years group (20 eyes), 7-8 years group (25 eyes), 9-10 years group (33 eyes) and 11-12 years group (37 eyes). There were 57 eyes in the male group and 74 eyes in the female group.The patients were also divided into different refractive groups, including mild myopia group (38 eyes), moderate myopia group (12 eyes), high myopia group (25 eyes), emmetropia group (11 eyes), mild hyperopia group (9 eyes), moderate hyperopia group (13 eyes), and high hyperopia group (23 eyes). The differences in ocular biological parameter measurements between different age groups, different gender groups and different refractive groups were compared and the correlations between age, eye parameters and LP were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis.The contribution of multiple influencing factors to LP was analyzed by multiple linear regression models.The study protocol followed the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by an Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Hospital (No.2020KY018). Written informed consent was obtained from each guardian of the subject.Results:The average LP of children in the 3-4 years group, 5-6 years group, 7-8 years group, 9-10 years group and 11-12 years group were (27.35±1.88), (24.71±1.92), (22.92±1.87), (21.49±1.54) and (21.25±1.55) D, respectively.With the increase of age, the LP value was decreased gradually.There were significant differences between 3-4 years group and 5-6 years group, 5-6 years group and 7-8 years group, 7-8 years group and 9-10 years group (all at P<0.05). The average LP value of girls was obviously higher than that of boys ( t=-3.38, P<0.01). The LP value of the high myopia group was significantly lower than that of the emmetropia group, and the LP values of the moderate myopia and the low myopia group were significantly lower than that of the hyperopia group, and the LP values of the low hyperopia group and the moderate hyperopia group were significantly higher than that of the emmetropia group (all at P<0.05). The LP value was negatively correlated with age, AL, ACD and CCT ( r=-0.76, -0.79, -0.38, -0.18; all at P<0.05), and was positively correlated with SE and LT ( r=0.62, P<0.05; r=0.68, P<0.01). There was no obvious correlation between Km and LP ( r=0.07, P=0.45). The independent influencing factors of LP were analyzed through multiple linear regression equations, showing that LP=-0.430×AL+ 0.329×LT-0.267×age-0.108×gender-0.084×CCT (male=1, female=0). The standardized coefficients of each factor arranged in descending order were AL, LT, age, gender and CCT (all at P<0.05). Conclusions:The LP of children aged 3-12 in Jing'an District of Shanghai decreases with age and increases with SE.LP values of girls are higher than those of boys.

Proof-of-Concept and Feasibility Study to Evaluate the Effect of β-Glucan on Protective Qi Deficiency in Adults / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To preliminarily explore the potential effect of β-glucan on Chinese medicine (CM) concept protective qi deficiency (PQD), and the methodology for future definitive studies.@*METHODS@#To have a standardized assessment of PQD, a list of 13 potentially PQD-relevant parameters were firstly created, each with defined quantitative or categorial scales. Using the data from 37 participants with (21 cases) or without (16 cases) PQD, multivariate logistic modeling was conducted to create a preliminary diagnostic PQD risk score. Subsequently, 21 participants diagnosed with PQD were treated with β-glucan in a dose of 200 mg/day for 8 weeks. Data were collected for trial acceptability measures (rate of recruitment, withdrawal, and compliance), and the participants were assessed for PQD status at baseline and every 2 weeks thereafter.@*RESULTS@#The preliminary logistic model consisted of 3 parameters (low voice and apathy, aversion to wind and cold, and Cun pulse). The resulting risk score demonstrated a degree of PQD-predicting accuracy that, as evaluated by statistical (discrimination and classification) methods, was higher than those obtained from any of the individual candidate parameters. The 21 PQD participants treated with β-glucan demonstrated good receptibility and a time-dependent improvement in PQD status as evidenced by the decrease of PQD participant to 9.5% at the end of study.@*CONCLUSIONS@#This study demonstrated the effect of proof-of-concept of β-glucan on improving PQD and the proof-of-concept of a multivariate-model-derived diagnostic PQD risk score. It also indicated feasibility for future definitive studies. Studies like this embody an innovative approach that uses therapies derived from the mainstream biomedicine to enrich therapeutics guided by CM principle. (Trial registration No. NCT03829228).

The effect of large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels on the migration of pericytes in the mice of senile cochlear stria vascularis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To investigate whether large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel (BK(Ca)) was involved in the migration of pericytes (PC) in the mice of senile cochlear stria vascularis capillaries PC. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3-month (n=10) and 12-month groups (n=10). Auditory brainstem response (ABR) was used to test the hearing threshold of each group. The immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression changes of osteopontin (OPN) and β-BK(Ca) channels on cochlear stria vascularis PC. The morphological changes of perivascular cells in cochlea were observed by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Cell experiment: The PC, which were in the stria vascularis of the cochlea were primary cultured and identified. A cell senile model was made with D-gal. The appropriate intervention concentration of low galactose (D-gal) was determined by CCK8. β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining was used to evaluate the cell decrept level. The change of BK(Ca) channels current on PC were recorded by whole cell patch clamp technique. The expression of BK(Ca) channels on PC was detected by immunofluorescence. The migration and invasion ability of two groups were detected by using Scratch test and Transwell. The levels of OPN and β-BK(Ca) channels were detected by Western blot. SPSS 22.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The ABR threshold in the 12-month group was higher than 3-month group (t=12.66, P<0.01). In the 12-month group, the expression of β-BK(Ca) channel was lower and the expression of OPN was increased (t=14.64, P<0.01; t=20.73, P<0.01). In TEM, cochlear stria vascularis PC were tightly connected to endothelial cells in 3-month group, while PC were loosely connected to endothelial cells or PC soma were separated from the capillary in 12-month group. Cell experiment: The positive rate of PC in the primary cultured cochlear stria vascularis is above 95%. Compared with the SA-β-gal stained cells in the control group, the positive rate of 15 mg/ml D-gal intervention PC was 85% (t=36.90, P<0.01). Whole cell patch clamp BK(Ca) channels current decreased in the D-gal group compared with the young group PC (t=12.18, P<0.05). The OPN expression in the senile group was higher than control group (t=16.30, P<0.01), while the β-BK(Ca) channels expression was decreased (t=11.98, P<0.01; t=15.72, P<0.05), and migration ability raised (t=7.91, P<0.01;t=7.59, P<0.01). After intervened of BK(Ca) channels specific blocker IBTX in the D-gal group, the expression of OPN and migration were increased (t=4.26, P<0.05; t=5.88, P<0.01; t=21.97, P<0.01). Conclusion: PC migration capacity were increased during the senile period, and the expression of β-BK(Ca) channel was decreased. The administration of IBTX, a specific blocker of BK(Ca) channel, at the cell level could increase the migration capacity, suggesting that BK(Ca) might be involved in the migration of PC in the stria vascularis of the aging cochlea.

Effect of microvascular pericytes of cochlear stria vascularis on endothelial cell permeability in C57BL/6J mice / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To study the changes in the permeability of the blood labyrinth barrier of the aging cochlea in mice, and to establish a non-contact co-culture model of endothelial cells (EC) and pericytes (PC) to furtherly investigate the cochlear stria vascularis microvascular pericytes impact on the permeability of endothelial cells. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were divided into two groups, three months old as young group, 12 months old as senile group. Cell experiment was divided into four groups, EC group, EC+PC co-culture group, D-gal+EC group and D-gal+EC+PC co-culture group. Auditory brainstem response (auditory brain response, ABR) was used to detect the auditory function of the two groups of mice. Evans blue staining was applied to detect the permeability of the cochlear blood labyrinth barrier of the two groups of mice. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe the ultrastructure of blood labyrinth barrier endothelial cells, pericytes and tight junctions in the two groups of mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression levels of tight junction proteins in the stria vascularis of the cochlea of the two groups of mice. Transwell chamber was used to detect the permeability of endothelial cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence technology were used to detect the expression level of tight junction protein on endothelial cells. SPSS 20.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Compared with the young group, the ABR threshold of the aging group was significantly increased, the latency of wave I was prolonged (t=10.25, P<0.01;t=5.61, P<0.05), the permeability of the cochlear blood labyrinth barrier was increased and the expression of tight junction protein on the vascular stria was decreased (P<0.05). The cochlear ultrastructure showed that the cochlear vascular stria microvascular lumen was deformed, the basement membrane thickened and the tight junction gap between endothelium enlarged. The positive rate of ECs and PCs in primary culture was more than 95%. The cells induced by 15 g/L D-gal were determined to be senescent cells. Compared with EC group, the expression of tight junction protein in endothelial cells of D-gal+EC group decreased（t=7.42，P<0.01；t=13.19，P<0.05）and the permeability increased (t=11.17, P<0.01). In the co-culture group, the expression of tight junction protein between endothelial cells in EC+PC co-culture group and D-gal+EC+PC co-culture group increased and the permeability decreased. Conclusions: In aging mice, the permeability of cochlear blood labyrinth barrier will increase and the level of tight junction protein will decrease; in aging state, cochlear vascular stria microvascular pericytes may affect endothelial cell permeability by regulating the expression of tight junction protein.

Report of a pedigree of mitochondrial diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic hereditary pancreatitis / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

This study reported a family of mitochondrial diabetes mellitus complicated with chronic hereditary pancreatitis. A 18-year-old woman presented with self-reported hyperglycemia and chronic epigastric pain was admitted to our hospital. Clinical data and family history were collected. Mitochondrial gene sequencing and whole exon gene sequencing showed that the proband carried mutation of mt.3243A>G and heterozygous mutation of SPINK1 c. 194+ 2T>C, which was considered as mitochondrial diabetes mellitus with chronic pancreatitis.

Preliminary study of the relationship between novel coronavirus pneumonia and liver function damage: a multicenter study / 中华肝脏病杂志

To analyze the clinical characteristics of cases of novel coronavirus pneumonia and a preliminary study to explore the relationship between different clinical classification and liver damage. Consecutively confirmed novel coronavirus infection cases admitted to seven designated hospitals during January 23, 2020 to February 8, 2020 were included. Clinical classification (mild, moderate, severe, and critical) was carried out according to the diagnosis and treatment program of novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Fifth Edition) issued by the National Health Commission. The research data were analyzed using SPSS19.0 statistical software. Quantitative data were expressed as median (interquartile range), and qualitative data were expressed as frequency and rate. 32 confirmed cases that met the inclusion criteria were included. 28 cases were of mild or moderate type (87.50%), and four cases (12.50%) of severe or critical type. Four cases (12.5%) were combined with one underlying disease (bronchial asthma, coronary heart disease, malignant tumor, chronic kidney disease), and one case (3.13%) was simultaneously combined with high blood pressure and malignant tumor. The results of laboratory examination showed that the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), albumin (ALB), and total bilirubin (TBil) for entire cohort were 26.98 (16.88 ~ 46.09) U/L and 24.75 (18.71 ~ 31.79) U/L, 39.00 (36.20 ~ 44.20) g/L and 16.40 (11.34- ~ 21.15) mmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the mild or moderate subgroups were 22.75 (16.31- ~ 37.25) U/L, 23.63 (18.71 ~ 26.50) U/L, 39.70 (36.50 ~ 46.10) g/L, and 15.95 (11.34 ~ 20.83) mmol/L, respectively. ALT, AST, ALB and TBil of the severe or critical subgroups were 60.25 (40.88 ~ 68.90) U/L, 37.00 (20.88 ~ 64.45) U/L, 35.75 (28.68 ~ 42.00) g/L, and 20.50 (11.28 ~ 25.00) mmol/L, respectively. The results of this multicenter retrospective study suggests that novel coronavirus pneumonia combined with liver damage is more likely to be caused by adverse drug reactions and systemic inflammation in severe patients receiving medical treatment. Therefore, liver function monitoring and evaluation should be strengthened during the treatment of such patients.

Effects of Ramipril on the expression of connexin 43 in cerebral arteries of spontaneously hypertensive rats / 生理学报

The present study was designed to examine whether Ramipril (an inhibitor of angiotensin-converting enzyme) affected spontaneous hypertension-induced injury of cerebral artery by regulating connexin 43 (Cx43) expression. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were randomly divided into WKY, WKY + Ramipril, SHR, and SHR + Ramipril groups (n = 8). The arterial pressure was monitored by the tail-cuff method, and vascular function in basilar arteries was examined by pressure myography. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to show vascular remodeling. The expression and distribution of Cx43 was determined by using immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry analysis. The protein and mRNA levels of Cx43 were examined by Western blot and real-time PCR analysis, respectively. The results showed that chronic Ramipril treatment significantly attenuated blood pressure elevation (P < 0.01, n = 8) and blood vessel wall thickness in SHR (P < 0.01, n = 8). The cerebral artery contraction rate in the SHR group was higher than that in the WKY group (P < 0.05, n = 8). The cerebral artery contraction rate in the SHR + Ramipril group was lower than that in the SHR group (P < 0.05, n = 8). Pretreatment with 2-APB (Cx43 non-specific blocker) or Gap26 (Cx43 specific blocker) significantly decreased the vasoconstriction rate, while pretreatment with AAP10 (Cx43 non-specific agonist) significantly increased the vasoconstriction in the SHR + Ramipril group (P < 0.05, n = 8). In addition, the expression of Cx43 mRNA and protein in cerebral arteries of SHR group was higher than that of WKY group (P < 0.05, n = 8). The mRNA and protein expression of Cx43 in cerebral arteries of SHR + Ramipril group was significantly lower than that of SHR group (P < 0.05, n = 8). These results suggest that Ramipril can down-regulate the expression of Cx43 mRNA and protein in cerebral arterial cells of SHR, lower blood pressure, promote vasodilation, and improve arterial damage and vascular dysfunction caused by hypertension.

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor alleviates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress / 生理学报

The aim of this study was to investigate whether G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) could alleviate hippocampal neuron injury under cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) by acting on endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). The CIRI animal model was established by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Female ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, ischemia-reperfusion injury (MCAO), vehicle (MCAO+DMSO), and GPER-specific agonist G1 (MCAO+G1) groups. The neurobehavioral score was assessed by the Longa score method, the morphological changes of the neurons were observed by the Nissl staining, the cerebral infarction was detected by the TTC staining, and the neural apoptosis in the hippocampal CA1 region was detected by TUNEL staining. The distribution and expression of GRP78 (78 kDa glucose-regulated protein 78) in the hippocampal CA1 region were observed by immunofluorescent staining. The protein expression levels of GRP78, Caspase-12, CHOP and Caspase-3 were detected by Western blot, and the mRNA expression levels of GRP78, Caspase-12, and CHOP were detected by the real-time PCR. The results showed that the neurobehavioral score, cerebral infarct volume, cellular apoptosis index, as well as GRP78, Caspase-12 and CHOP protein and mRNA expression levels in the MCAO group were significantly higher than those of control group. And G1 reversed the above-mentioned changes in the MCAO+G1 group. These results suggest that the activation of GPER can decrease the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons and relieve CIRI, and its mechanism may involve the inhibition of ERS.

Evaluation of the efficacy of acupuncture combined with hyperbaric oxygen on delayed neuropathological sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning by using mTI-ASL imaging / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#Quantitative assessment of white blood flow in semi-oval center of patients with delayed neuropathological sequelae (DNS) after carbon monoxide poisoning treated with acupuncture combined with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) based on magnetic resonance multi-inversion time arterial spin labeling imaging (mTI-ASL), and to evaluate its efficacy indirectly.@*METHODS@#Twenty-six patients with clinically diagnosed DNS were randomly divided into an observation group (13 cases) and a control group (13 cases). The conventional therapy combined with HBO were given in the control group. In the observation group,on the base of the treatment, acupuncture was applied, the main acupoints were Shuigou (GV 26), Neiguan (PC 6), Baihui (GV 20), Shangxing (GV 23), Yintang (GV 29), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) on the affected side, Sishencong (EX-HN 1), Fenglong (ST 40), Lianquan (CV 23) and Jinjin (EX-HN12) for slurred speech, Jianyu (LI 15), Waiguan (TE 5) and Shousanli (LI 10) for upper limb pain, Huantiao (GB 30), Yanglingquan (GB 34), Yinlingquan (SP 9) for lower limb pain, the treatment was given once every day, 5 days as one course, with an interval of 2 days between the course. The treatment for 6 courses was required. The conventional head MR scan, mTI-ASL and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) scans before and 1 week after treatment were adopted, Matlab (R2014b), Mricron and Syngo.via software were adopted to measure the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and anisotropy (FA) values of the semi-oval center. The correlation between the parameters was evaluated by Pearson method. And the simple intelligent mental state examination scale (MMSE) was uesd to assess cognitive function.@*RESULTS@#After treatment, the CBF, MMSE scores in both groups and FA values in the observation group were higher than those before treatment (<0.05). After treatment, the CBF, FA and MMSE scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (<0.05). There was a positive correlation between CBF, FA and MMSE scores (<0.05), and the correlation between CBF and MMSE was the best ( =0.822).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with hyperbaric oxygen can significantly improved early white matter hypoperfusion and improved cognitive function score in patients with DNS. The curative effect is better than that of hyperbaric oxygen therapy alone. The mTI-ASL imaging can quantitatively evaluate its curative effect.

Simultaneous determination of ten constituents in Yifei Qinghua Granules by HPLC-DAD / 中草药

Objective To establish an HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of amygdalin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, agrimol B, liquiritin, calycosin-7-glucoside, ruscogenin, gallic acid, psoralen, and shionone in Yifei Qinghua Granules (YQG). Methods The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Waters Symmetry-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) column with mobile phase consisted of (1.0 g potassium phosphate monobasic in 1 000 mL water, the pH value was adjusted to 3.5 with phosphate)- (acetonitrile-methanol 1:1) for gradient elution, at the flow rate of 0.8 mL/min; The column temperature was 40 ℃. Results The linear ranges of amygdalin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, agrimol B, liquiritin, calycosin-7-glucoside, ruscogenin, gallic acid, psoralen, and shionone were 0.2-2.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 4), 0.4-4.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 4), 0.3-3.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), 0.1-1.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 3), 0.5-5.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 1), 0.15-1.50 μg/mL (r = 0.999 2), 0.25-2.50 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), 0.6-6.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 1), 0.45-4.50 μg/mL (r = 0.999 3), and 0.12-1.20 μg/mL (r = 0.999 4), respectively. These ten components were well resolved. Their average recoveries (n = 6) respectively were 98.7% (RSD = 0.7%), 98.0% (RSD = 1.3%), 99.6% (RSD = 1.4%), 98.0% (RSD = 1.4%), 99.1% (RSD = 1.1%), 99.4% (RSD = 0.8%), 98.8% (RSD = 0.9%), 101.1% (RSD = 0.5%), 100.6% (RSD = 0.5%), and 101.7% (RSD = 0.8%). The content of ten batches of the amygdalin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, agrimol B, liquiritin, calycosin-7-glucoside, ruscogenin, gallic acid, psoralen, and shionone was 0.104-0.123, 0.600-0.621, 0.501-0.523, 0.100-0.121, 0.103-0.122, 0.231-0.260, 0.043-0.065, 0.055-0.069, 0.061-0.079, 0.031-0.043 mg/g, respectively. Conclusion The method is accurate, sensitive, credible, and repeatable, which can be applied to the quality control of YQG.

Alpha-mangostin affects the proliferation and apoptosis of gastric cancer cells by increasing autophagy / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To investigate the possible molecular mechanism for alpha(α)-mangostin's inhibition of the proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells.Methods Human gastric adenocarcinoma SGC7901 cell line was treated with α-mangostin.CCK8 method was used to measure the viability of SGC7901 cells.The effect of α-mangostin on apoptosis and cell cycle was determined by immune fluorescence and flow cytometry.The expression of the relevant proteins was detected using Western blot.The shapiro-wilk test was performed for evaluation of deviation from normality.Normally distributed data was analyzed with one-way ANOVA.Welch test was used in data with heterogeneity of variance and multiple compared by Games-Howell test after that.Results CCK8 results showed that cell viability differed significantly among groups treated with different concentrations of α-mangostin(10,15,20,25,and 30 μmol/L)(P＜0.05).QPCR data showed that the concentration of α-mangostin was positively correlated with mRNA level of LC 3 but not caspase protein(r=0.976,P＜0.05).In 15 μmol/L but not 10 μmol/L α-mangostin treatment system,the autophagy inhibitors 3-MA(10 μmol/L),bafilomycin A(10 μmol/L)and LY294002(10 μmol/L)could significantly alleviate α-mangostin's killing effect on SGC7901 cells(P＜0.05).Conclusion The anti-tumor effects of α-mangostin against human gastric adenocarcinoma cells in vitro can be partly attributed to apoptosis,autophagy and arresting cell phase.

Clinical analysis and treatment strategy of cerebral contusion in children / 天津医药

Objective To study the clinical characteristics of brain contusion in children and discuss the corresponding treatment strategies.Methods From February 2013 to December 2017,the clinical data of 32 patients(aged 1-14 years)with cerebral contusion and treated in the department of brain of the affiliated hospital of armed police logistics college were collected,including 22 males and 10 females.The age of patients ranged from 1 to 13.5 years,with the average of(6.03 ± 3.96)years.Patients were divided into low age group(1-4 years old,n=14)and high age group(5-14 years old,n=18)according to their age.Data of the brain damage location and distribution,Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)/Children's Coma Scale (CCS), intracranial pressure (ICP), cerebral edema, airway condition, traumatic epilepsy and electroencephalogram (EEG) were summarized and analyzed. Results The duration of hospitalization was 17-57 d, with the average of (34.2 ± 11.5)d.All the children were treated with hyperbaric oxygen for 14-51 d,with an average of(36.1±5.1)d.There were no significant differences in the depth of brain damage and the location of brain injury between the two age groups(P>0.05). The coma scores at the admission and the discharge were significantly lower in low age group than those of the high age group (P<0.05). The duration of ICP monitoring was 6-15 d, with the average of (7.5±2.0) d. The ICP level and the resonance index(RI)value of cerebral edema monitoring at the admission was higher in the low age group than those in the high age group(P<0.05).The abnormal time of RI was less in the low age group than that in the high age group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in seizures and EEG classification between two groups (P>0.05). There were 10 cases in each group received the transnasal intubation,and the average days with intubation were longer in the low age group than those of the high age group(P<0.05).Conclusion The clinical manifestations,imaging features,ICP,the degree of brain edema, seizures and airway management in children of different ages are different. The treatment should be carried out as soon as possible,actively and comprehensively,especially in the clinical management for the children of low age.

Acetabular cup position on high hip and anatomical position in total hip arthroplasty for Crowe III developmental dysplasia of hip joint / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate clinical outcomes of acetabular cup position on high hip and anatomical position in total hip arthroplasty for Crowe III developmental dysplasia of hip joint.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-six patients(58 hips) treated with high hip center THA from January 2010 to December 2015, including 6 males (8 hips) and 40 females(50 hips) aged from 40 to 70 years old with an average of(54.3±7.6) years old. While 20 patients(28 hips) treated with anatomical position in THA from January 2004 and December 2009 were analyzed as control, including 4 males (5 hips) and 16 females (23 hips), aged from 42 to 68 years old with an average of (53.0±7.1) years old. Operative time, blood loss, Harris score (HHS), gait analysis, Trendelanburg signal, imaging examinations and prosthesis survivorship were compared between two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Operative time and blood loss in high hip group(75.1±13.3) min and (108.4±47.1) ml respectively were lower than that of in anatomical position group(107.7±17.1) min and(201.0±58.6) ml respectively. There was no statistical difference in HSS score at 2 years after operation in high hip group(92.3±3.7) scores and anatomical position group(91.4±3.6) scores. No obvious meaning in lower limb differences in high hip group (3.8±2.1) mm and anatomical position group (3.5±1.6) mm. The vertical distance between center of rotation to teardrop in high hip group(31.6±7.8) mm was higher than that of anatomical group(19.3±7.4) mm;while there was no significant differences in horizontal distance between high hip group (30.1±7.7) mm and anatomical group(29.4±7.5) mm. There was no statistical significance in prosthesis survivorship. The gait was good without lameness and positive features of Trendelanburg signal caused by insufficient of abductor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For Crowe III DDH, a high hip center cementless cup without bone graft is a liable method with good function and high rate of prosthesis survivorship. And satisfying short-term clinical and radiographic results could be achieved by this method.</p>

CT manifestations of lung in Castleman disease / 中国医学影像技术

Objective To explore CT manifestations of the lung in Castleman disease (CD) patients.Methods Totally 14 CD patients with abnormal pulmonary manifestations were enrolled,including 8 multicentric CD (MCD) and 6 unicentric CD (UCD).CT manifestations of the lung were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 3 patients of pulmonary hilar UCD,CT showed circular masses with solitary homogeneous density,obviously or markedly enhanced after contrast media administration.Bronchiolitis obliterans was found in 1 patient of retroperitoneal UCD with paraneoplastic pemphigus.Two patients of mediastinal UCD showed well defined centrilobular nodules in the lung.Eight patients of MCD mainly showed multiple small nodules,and large nodules with diameters of 1-2 cm were found in 2 of them.Four patients showed poorly defined nodules,and the rest 4 showed well-defined nodules.The nodules were mainly demonstrated as small centrilobular nodules,and a few of them located in subpleural regions in 3 patients.Other CT signs included interlobular septal thickening in 4 patients,ground glass opacity in 4 patients,streaks in 4 patients,patchy consolidation in 3 patients,cysts in 2 patients and thickening of the bronchovascular bundles in 1 patient.Conclusion CT manifestations of the lung in CD patients are complex and variable,and might be related to pathological types.

Simultaneous determination of 11 constituents in Shenqi Shiyiwei Granule by HPLC-DAD / 中草药

Objective: To establish HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of 23-acetate alisol B, ferulic acid, verbascoside, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, gastrodin, chrysophanol, aurantio-obtusin, calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and hyperoside in Shenqi Shiyiwei Granule (SSG). Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Waters XBridge-C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) column with methanol-acetonitrile-water (15:80:5) and methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid (10:90) as mobile phases for gradient elution, at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; The column temperature was 35℃. Results: The linear ranges of 23-acetate alisol B, ferulic acid, verbascoside, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, gastrodin, chrysophanol, aurantio-obtusin, calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and hyperoside were 0.4-8.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 2), 0.2-4.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), 0.2-4.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 5), 0.1-2.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), 0.1-2.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 7), 0.1-2.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 4), 0.5-10 μg/mL (r = 0.999 2), 0.6-12 μg/mL (r = 0.999 2), 0.4-8.0 μg/mL (r = 0.999 4), 1.0-20 μg/mL (r = 0.999 6), and 0.8-16 μg/mL (r = 0.9993). The average recoveries (n = 6) were 98.1% (RSD = 0.9%), 98.1% (RSD = 1.6%), 99.1% (RSD = 1.6%), 98.3% (RSD = 1.8%), 99.5% (RSD = 1.5%), 99.9% (RSD = 0.6%), 98.5% (RSD = 0.7%), 100.4 (RSD = 0.8%), 101.6% (RSD = 0.4%), 99.7% (RSD = 0.9%), and 101.2% (RSD = 1.1%), respectively. The contents of nine batches of 23-acetate alisol B, ferulic acid, verbascoside, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, ginsenoside Rb1, gastrodin, chrysophanol, aurantio-obtusin, calycosin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, and hyperoside were 0.081-0.089, 0.261-0.269, 0.060-0.069, 0.038-0.047, 0.030-0.037, 0.042-0.049, 0.420-0.428, 0.141-0.151, 0.178-0.189, 0.107-0.117, and 0.069-0.078 mg/g. The results showed that there was little difference among the batches. Conclusion: The method is accurate, sensitive, credible, and repeatable. It can be applied to the quality control of SSG.