An Epidemiologic Survey and Violent Behavior Analysis of Antisocial Personality Disorder in Young Men in Chengdu / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in young men in Chengdu and explore the characteristics and risks of violence.@*METHODS@#Stratified random sampling was used to conduct a self-assessment questionnaire survey in 4 108 males aged from 18 to 34 in Chengdu, including general demographic characteristics, structured clinical interview for the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-Ⅳ axis Ⅱ disorders (SCID-Ⅱ) personality disorder screen questionnaire, violence questionnaire, psychosis screening questionnaire (PSQ), Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and drug use. χ2 test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for analysis and odds ratio (OR) was calculated.@*RESULTS@#The positive rate of ASPD was 5.91%, which was associated with young age, unmarried, unemployment state, low educational level, violent behavior, psychotic symptoms, alcohol and drug use (P<0.05). Young men with ASPD also had a risk (P<0.05) of violence (OR was 8.51), multiple violence (OR was 16.57), injury (OR was 6.68), intentional violence (OR was 11.41), etc., the risk decreased after controlling for psychotic symptoms and substance abuse, but was still statistically significant.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The risk of violence, severe violence and intentional violence in young men in Chengdu is high, and psychotic symptoms and substance abuse increase the risk of ASPD violence and relate characteristics.

Application of Eye Tracker in Lie Detection / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the application value of eye tracking in lie detection. Methods The 40 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The pupil diameter, fixation duration, points of fixation and blink frequency of the subjects in the experimental group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were recorded with eye tracker after they accomplished the mock crime. The eye movement parameters of subjects in the control group were directly collected. The differences in eye movement parameters of the experimental group and the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were analyzed by t-test. Pearson coefficient analysis of correlation between eye movement parameters that had differences was conducted. The effectiveness of eye movement parameters to distinguish between the experimental group and the control group was calculated by the receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve. Results Participants from the experimental group had shorter average pupil diameter, longer average fixation duration and fewer fixation points （P<0.05）, but the differences in blink frequency had no statistical significance. The differences in the above indicators of the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation had no statistical significance. The average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with fixation points （r=-0.255, P<0.05）; the average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with average pupil diameter （r=-0.218, P<0.05）; the fixation points showed a positive correlation with average pupil diameter （r=0.09, P<0.05）. The area under the curve of average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points was 0.603, 0.621 and 0.580, respectively. Conclusion The average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points obtained by the eye tracker under laboratory conditions can be used to detect lies.

Clinical analysis of Walit in the treatment of central serous retinopathy / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Walit on central serous retinopathy. Methods A total of 92 patients with central serous retinal retinopathy were enrolled in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017, and were randomly divided into control group and study group (n=46). The control group, the central serous chorioretinopathy treated with laser therapy, the study group by laser combined with Walit therapy, two groups were treated for 4 weeks, the curative effect and follow-up records, the data input SPSS software. Results The two groups of central serous chorioretinopathy patients successfully completed the treatment. The study group central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with clinical therapy in the treatment of the total efficiency (91.30 %) was significantly better than the control group (76.09 %), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); recurrence rate of study group (0.00 %) was significantly lower than the control group (13.04 %), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of laser treatment for central serous chorioretinopathy combined with Wolitingke significantly improve curative effect, has the positive significance to guarantee the prognosis and quality of life.

Clinical analysis of Walit in the treatment of central serous retinopathy / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of Walit on central serous retinopathy. Methods A total of 92 patients with central serous retinal retinopathy were enrolled in our hospital from January 2015 to January 2017, and were randomly divided into control group and study group (n=46). The control group, the central serous chorioretinopathy treated with laser therapy, the study group by laser combined with Walit therapy, two groups were treated for 4 weeks, the curative effect and follow-up records, the data input SPSS software. Results The two groups of central serous chorioretinopathy patients successfully completed the treatment. The study group central serous chorioretinopathy in patients with clinical therapy in the treatment of the total efficiency (91.30 %) was significantly better than the control group (76.09 %), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); recurrence rate of study group (0.00 %) was significantly lower than the control group (13.04 %), the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The use of laser treatment for central serous chorioretinopathy combined with Wolitingke significantly improve curative effect, has the positive significance to guarantee the prognosis and quality of life.

Characteristics of recidivism in patients with mental disorders: 156 cases analysis / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the characteristics of recidivism in patients with mental disorders, including criminology, clinic and guardianship, in order to provide references for preventing recidivism.@*METHODS@#Using the self-designed questionnaire, 156 psychotic patients who had repeated crimes were appraised by West China Forensic Science Center of Sichuan University from 2007 to 2011 and the data were collected and analyzed.@*RESULTS@#In the majority of these cases, patients were male, 26-45 years old, junior high school or below diploma, unmarried, and farmers or jobless. Each patient broke law 3.26 times on average. The main crimes were intentional injury (34.6%) and murder (15.7%). Within 5 years after diagnosis with mental disorder, 56.4% of the patients committed first crime. Within 1 year after the first time breaking the law, 55.8% of them repeated crimes. The diagnoses of schizophrenia (63.5%) were in the majority. The assessment results were mostly irresponsibility (61.5%). Among the patients, 44.9% of them didn't receive treatment while 34.6% of them were out of supervision. After the first crime, 66.1% of them didn't receive criminal prosecution while only 7.1% of them went through the appraisement of forensic psychiatry.@*CONCLUSION@#Most of the patients had low education and low income. Meanwhile, low outpatient rate and pool supervision occurred in this special crowd. A good system for care and treatment of these mental patients should be built to prevent them from recidivism.

Statistical prediction methods in violence risk assessment and its application / 法医学杂志

It is an urgent global problem how to improve the violence risk assessment. As a necessary part of risk assessment, statistical methods have remarkable impacts and effects. In this study, the predicted methods in violence risk assessment from the point of statistics are reviewed. The application of Logistic regression as the sample of multivariate statistical model, decision tree model as the sample of data mining technique, and neural networks model as the sample of artificial intelligence technology are all reviewed. This study provides data in order to contribute the further research of violence risk assessment.

Reliability of the Violence Risk Scale of Chinese version / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To introduce and revise the Violence Risk Scale (VRS) for assessing violence risk and risk change, and to examine the reliability of Violence Risk Scale of Chinese version(VRS-C).@*METHODS@#The original English version of the VRS was translated into Chinese according to established translation procedures. To examine the scorer reliability the 14 cases assessed by 3 assessors separately. One hundred and twenty-five patients with mental disorders from 3 different institutions in Sichuan province (Refined Control Ward in Ankang Hospital, Department of Forensic Psychiatry, Institute of Forensic Science and Mental Health Center of West China Hospital) were collected to examine the reliability of VRS-C.@*RESULTS@#The results showed moderately good scale reliability of the VRS-C, with 0.80 of ICC for scorer reliability. All items have significant consistence with Cronbach's alpha coefficient as 0.921, split-half reliability as 0.906 and item total correlation as 0.246-0.849.@*CONCLUSION@#The reliability of the VRS-C version is acceptable.

Application of modified overt aggression scales on risk behavior assessment of patients with mental illness / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the value of Modified Overt Aggression Scales (MOAS) in assessing risk behavior of patients with mental illness.@*METHODS@#Four hundred and ninety patients, who were from three mental health institutions (Refined Control Ward in Ankang Hospital, Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Relief Ward in De Kang Hospital) belong to public security, health and civil system respectively, were evaluated with MOAS.@*RESULTS@#Three hundred and thirteen patients did not have dangerous behavior, but 177 patients did (99 aggression, 78 violence). The descending order of risk behavior in patients with mental illness were Refined Control Ward in Ankang Hospital, Mental Health Center of West China Hospital, Relief Ward in De Kang Hospital. Physical and total aggression scores were higher in Refined Control Ward in Ankang Hospital than that in other two hospitals (P < 0.05). Autoaggression score in Mental Health Center of West China Hospital was higher than that in other two hospitals (P < 0.05). Physical and total aggression scores in male were higher than that in female (P < 0.05). Autoaggression score in female was higher than that in male (P < 0.05). Score of every single item and total score were higher in violent and aggressive group than that in non dangerous behavior group (P < 0.05). Physical and total aggression scores in violent group were higher than that in aggressive group (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#The proportion, type and degree of risk behaviors in three mental health institutions are different and the type of risk behavior has gender difference.

Criminological characteristics of female violent criminal suspects / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study criminological characteristics of female violent criminal suspects who accepted forensic psychiatry assessment.@*METHODS@#Information of the suspects involved in judicial appraisal between 2000 and 2009 were collected and analyzed according to our self-made scale.@*RESULTS@#The age of 259 suspects were between 16 and 81 years old. There were 205 (79.2%) suspects who were younger than 45 years old. There were 225 (86.9%) suspects who were married. There were 14 different appraisal results: schizophrenia 47.1%, without psychosis 15.4%, depression 10.4% and others 27.1%. Irresponsibility involved with 59.5%, partial responsibility 18.5% and full responsibility 22.0%. Murder were 85.7%, arson 10.4%, inflicted injury 1.9% and robbery 1.9%. A total of 191 cases resulted in death, accounting for 82.3% of all cases. In 34.9% of all cases, the victims were male spouse of the suspects. Main weapons used in the crime were cutters and other working related tools (36.3%). There were 66.8% of all cases were with pathological motivation, 29.7% with reality motivation and 3.5% cases were with unknown motivation.@*CONCLUSION@#Female violent suspects in our cases often suffered from various kinds of mental diseases. Their motivations were pathological primarily. Most cases were intentional killing with family members as victim mainly. Major weapons used were daily working related tools.

Evaluation on social function in cases involving sexual assault of patients with mental retardation / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore social function in assessment of self-defense capability of patients with mental retardation against sexual assault.@*METHODS@#The data of 125 sexual assault victims with mental retardation were collected according to our forensic psychiatry assessment criteria. Mental retardation was rated with WAIS-RC, GAF, and the rating scale of the intelligence disability.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in occupation, marital status, education, knowledge about sex, and history of pregnancy among the patients with different levels of self-defense capability. The kappa values of the rating scale score of the intelligence disability, GAF, and IQ were 0.710, 0.661, and 0.494; the kappa values of that and self-defense capability were 0.538, 0.472, and 0.316 respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#The level of social function is very important in the assessment of self-defense capability in patients with mental retardation.

Analysis of intelligence in criminals with no psychosis diagnosed with forensic psychiatry / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the intelligence of criminals with no psychosis diagnosed with forensic psychiatry.@*METHODS@#The intelligence test results in 88 criminal cases with no psychosis and in 89 criminal cases with schizophrenia were compared.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant statistical differences between two groups with respect to their sex, age, education, occupation, marital status, and criminal type. The average intelligence quotient (IQ) of no psychosis group was significantly higher than that of the schizophrenic group, but was significantly lower than the normal. There was no significant statistical difference between the subgroups claiming as either suffering or denying psychosis.@*CONCLUSION@#There is a mild impairment in the intelligence in no psychosis group.