Progress in improvement of continuous monoculture cropping problem in Panax ginseng by controlling soil-borne disease management / 中国中药杂志

The continuous monoculture cropping problem severely has hindered the land resource of Panax ginseng cultivation and threatened the sustainable development of ginseng industry. There are comprehensive factors causing the continuous monoculture cropping problem, such as deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, accumulation of allelochemical, increase of pesticide residue and heavy metal, imbalance of rhizospheric micro-ecosystem, and increase of soil-borne diseases. Among soil-borne disease was one of the key factors. More than 40 soil-borne diseases have been reported in the ginseng cultivation, especially, the diseases were more serious in the ginseng replanting land. Here main soil-borne diseases and their prevention way have been summarized, and we try to provide the effective improvement strategy of continuous monoculture cropping problem focusing on the disease control and offer reference for overcoming the ginseng continuous monoculture cropping problem.

SSR information in Erigeron breviscapus transcriptome and polymorphism analysis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The SSR information in the transcriptome of Erigeron breviscapus was analyzed in this study, in order to further develop new functional genes SSR markers laid a solid foundation.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>SSR loci were searched in all of 52,060 unigenes by using est_timmer. Perl program and SSR primers were designed by Primer3. Furthermore, 36 pairs of primers were randomly selected for the polymorphism analysis on 13 Erigeron breviscapus plants collected from different places.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A total of 3639 SSRs were found in the transcriptome of Erigeron breviscapus, distributed in 3260 unigenes with the distribution frequency of 6.99%. Di-nucleotide repeat was the main type, account for as much as 34.41% of all SSRs, followed by mono-nucleotide (31.41%) and tri-nucleotide repeat motif (28.08%). The di-nucleotide repeat motifs of AT/AT and AC/GT were the predominant repeat types (28.71%). The tri-nucleotide repeat motifs of AAT/AT was the predominant repeat types (7.94%). For validation the availability of those SSR primers, we randomly selected 36 pairs of primers for PCR amplification. Among them, 34 pair primers (94.44%) produced clear and reproductive bands, 19 pair primers showed polymorphism (52.78%), and 13 Erigeron breviscapus plants were divided into 2 groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are numerous SSRs in Erigeron breviscapus transcriptome with high frequency and various types, this will provide abundant candidate molecular markers for genetic diversity study and genetic map in this plant.</p>

Wild resources survey of Marsdenia tenacissima in Honghe, Yunnan / 中国中药杂志

To ascertain current situation of wild Marsdenia tenacissima resources in Honghe, Yunnan province, the distribution, habitat characteristic and resources reserves of M. tenacissima were surveyed based on interviews and investigation. The results showed that M. tenacissima was found in 7 counties such as Jinping, Mengzi etc, and distributed mainly on the mountainsides from 800 m to 1 200 m. And distribution was affected by many factors, such as light, heat, topography, soil, and vegetation. M. tenacissima grew well in distribution areas. M. tenacissima had averagely a weight of 2.8 kg per plant. Resources reserve of M. tenacissima in Honghe was estimated to 1 300 tons by now but it reduced rapidly in resent years, the wild resources reserve may not meet demand of market. Resources protection and wildlife tending would be conducted to deal with increasing medication requirements.

Effect of different plant growth regulators on yield and quality of Angelica dahurica var. formosana development / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of plant growth regulators on the growth and quality of Angelica dahurica var. formosana.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Five plant growth regulators: chlormequat chloride (CCC), Mepiquat chloride (PIX), Gibberellic acid (GA3), Paclobutrazol (PP333) and Maleic Hydrazide (MH) were sprayed in rosette stage, the effects of these plant growth regulators (PGRs) on the growth, yield and quality of A. dahurica var. formosanaw were observed. The biological traits were first measured and then imperatorin and isoimperatorin contents in roots were determined by HPLC.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Low concentration GA3 increased the yield while not influenced the premature bolting rate and the coumarin content.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Spraying of GA3 (30 mg x L(-1)) could guarantee the growth and development of A. dahurica var. formosana to have a higher yield and maintain the active ingredients content in the root as well.</p>

Cloning and bioinformation analysis of flavone synthase II gene of Erigeron breviscapus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Erigeron breviscapus is a medicinal plant with the most developmental potential in Yunnan province, which is belongs to Erigeron genus of Compositae family. Scutellarin, the main active component of Erigeron breviscapus is one of flavone 7-O-glucuronide derivatives, its biosynthesis pathway is still not clear.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Full length cDNA encoding flavone syhthase II gene in E. breviscapus was cloned in this study using R-PCR, 3'-RACE and 5'-RACE.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The opening reading frame of FS II cDNA of E. breviscapus is 1 557 bp long and encoding 518 amino acids, designed as EbFS II, which is highly homologous with FS II of Compositae species, like Callistephus chinensis, Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus, Gerbera hybrida, Dahlia pinnata and Lobelia erinus.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Phylogenetic analysis showed that EbFS II might has the function of directly converting flavanone to flavone.</p>

Simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, scutellarin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in different parts of Erigeron breviscapus by high-performance liquid chromatography / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed for simultaneous determination of chlorogenic acid, scutellarin, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in different parts of Erigerontis Herba.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The four constituents were measured on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C18 column (4.6 mm x 450 mm, 5 microm) with a gradient elution of acetonitrile (A) -0.3% phosphoric acid solution (B) (0-10 min, 12%-15% A, 10-32 min, 15% A, 32-33 min, 15%-20% A, 33-50 min, 20%-22% A) at wavelength of 335 nm and 327 nm, and a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the column temperature was 30 degrees C.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Linearity of each standard was established in the concentration range of 0.050 1-1.002 microg for chlorogenic acid, 0.165 9-3.318 microg for chlorogenic acid, 0.049 7-0.994 microg for 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 0.048 7-0.974 p.g for 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid respectively, with correlation coefficient r > 0.999 6. Average recoveries (n = 6) of 4 compounds were 98.53% with a RSD of 0.94%, 99.68% with a RSD of 0.49%, 98.78% with a RSD of 1.1%, 99.06% with a RSD of 0.81%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The developed method is simple, accurate, and precise, it can be used for the quantitative analysis of Erigeron breviscapus.</p>

Effects of fertilization ratios of N, P, and K on yield and active ingredients of Angelica dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province / 中草药

Objective: To study the effects of the applied amounts and their ratios of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) on the yield and active ingredients of Angelica dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province. Methods: The field tests on N, P, and K ratios of A. dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province were carried out by using orthogonal combination design, the yield was weighted, and the imperatorin and isoimperatorin contents in its roots were determined by HPLC method. Results: The yield and the quality of A. dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province were extremely affected by different N, P, and K ratios. The yield was increased with N, P, and K, but for imperatorin and isoimperatorin content, the influence of different N, P, and K ratios is very different. The imperatorin content was increased with the moderate increase of N and P under the lower level of K (K2O 120 kg/hm2). The isoimperatorin content was increased with the moderate supplies of N and P ratios under the high level of K (K2O 240 kg/hm2). Whatever the ratios of P and K, the imperatorin content and isoimperatorin content are lower than that in the control treatment under the high level of N (195 kg/hm2). The orthogonal analysis of variance results also showed that the effects of N, P, and K on the yield reached extremely significant. The sequence of them was P > N > K.. The influence of N, P, and K on imperatorin all reached extremely significantly different level (P < 0.01). Among them, the effect of P and K was higher than that of N. But only N had significant influence on the contents of isoimperatorin (P < 0.05). The adapted combined application program was N 150 kg/hm2, P 2O5 225 kg/hm2, and K2O 120 kg/hm2, namely the ratio of N- P2O- K2O was 1.3:1.9:1, by which the highest yield and imperatorin content were obtained. There were significant difference compared with the control and its isoimperatorin content was the highest as well. Conclusion: The above ratios of N, P, and K could improve the yield and quality of A. dahurica var. formosana from Sichuan Province as well as the content of imperatorin and isoimperatorin.