RESUMO
Background: Each year peptic ulcer disease affects 4 million people around the world. Perforation of the duodenum due to peptic ulcer remains a considerable medical problem causing high morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to determine the major aetiological factors of non-traumatic duodenal Perforations
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in Surgical 'B' Unit, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan from 15[th] Jun 2012 to 15[th] May 2015. One hundred and eighty-six patients were recruited for the study. Data was collected and analysed on SPSS-23
Results: Mean age of the study participants was 48.4+/-7.14 years. Male to female ratio was 3:5. The main causative agent was H. pylori [54.30%], 22.04% were smokers, 6.99% had history of using NSAIDS, and 31 [16.67%] patients had more than one causative factor. There was strong association found between age groups and socio-economic status [p=0.004], and literacy level of the respondents [p=0.003]
Conclusion: Non-perforated duodenal ulcers are significantly associated with middle-aged people, low socioeconomic status, NSAIDS, smoking, and H. pylori
RESUMO
Background: In Pakistan, literacy means 'the ability to read and write'. Mother's education is a stronger determinant of child survivorship. This study was carried out in order to determine the impact of mother's literacy on child health in terms of personal hygiene of child, nutritional status and vaccination status, and to compare the child health status of literate and non-literate mothers
Methods: It was a cross-sectional study carried out in Paediatric Unit, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, from Dec 2015 to Aug 2016. Data was collected using non probability sampling and analysed on SPSS-21. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables like gender, residence, education, immunization and hygiene status, and Mean+/-SD were calculated for quantitative variables like age
Results: Among total 160 children, mothers of 48 [30%] children were completely uneducated. Nutrition status showed that 89 [55.6%] were of normal height for age while rest of them were having stunting of mild to severe categories. Immunization of 135 [84.4%] of the children was done as per their age. Regarding hygiene, clothing of 129 [80.6%] was clean, nails of 95 [59.4%] children were properly clean and trimmed, while hair hygiene of 119 [74.4%] children and dental hygiene of 109 [68.12%] children was well maintained. Majority of those whose immunization, nutrition, and hygiene status was maintained had educated mothers
Conclusion: Maternal literacy has a direct effect on the overall child health with respect to personal hygiene, nutritional and vaccination status
RESUMO
Background: Anaemia is common in patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction [AMI] and can badly affect the short and long term outcomes. Hospital acquired anaemia [HAA] is a type of anaemia which develops in patients during hospitalization with a normal haemoglobin level at the time of admission. There is very scant data regarding the causes for hospital acquired anaemia. This study was conducted in order to determine the causes and baseline characteristics of low haemoglobin level in AMI
Methods: This descriptive study was performed in Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar from 1[st] June 2013 to 31[st] May 2014. All the patients with AMI having normal baseline haemoglobin level at admission were included. Haemoglobin was rechecked on 5[th] day of admission to see whether patient develops HAA or not
Results: A total of 456 consecutive patients with AMI were screened for low haemoglobin. Low haemoglobin level [haemoglobin 70 years were 12 [14.3%]. hypertensives were 34 [40.5%], diabetics were 24 [28.6%], CKD was seen in 11 [13.1%], dyslipidemia in 17 [20.2%], and smokers were 16 [19%]. Upper GI bleed was found in 23 [27%], lower GI bleed in 7 [8.3%], hematuria in 6 [7.1%], possible coronary intervention in 7 [8.3%], and more than one cause in 14 [16.6%] patients, while no cause was found in 27 [32.14%] patients
Conclusion: One third of patients had no discernible cause of low haemoglobin, while one fourth of patients had isolated upper GI bleed as the main cause for hospital acquired low Hb