The Link Between Sleep and Diabetes Mellitus:A Literature Review / 우울ㆍ조울병

Sleep, which was previously not a topic for discussion in clinical practice, is now a problem that cannot be disregarded in people with diabetes mellitus. Instead, the importance of sleep has increased for the management and prevention of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus and dyssomnias are both chronic conditions that have a significant effect on the quality of life and health. Numerous research has shown that the relationship between diabetes mellitus and sleep is bidirectional rather than linear. In this review, not only the effects of diabetes mellitus on sleep, but also the effects of sleep on diabetes mellitus are investigated, and the biological mechanisms are summarized as well.

Relationship between Depression and Glycated Hemoglobin: Analysis Based on the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 우울ㆍ조울병

Background@#The goal of this study is to investigate the relationship between depression and glycated hemoglobin in the general Korean population. @*Methods@#Adults aged 19 to 80 years were surveyed as part of the 2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 4,831 people were chosen to complete the health questionnaire, provide their body mass index, and get a HbA1c blood test. The general characteristics of groups with high and low glycated hemoglobin were identified. To find out the correlation between depression diagnosis and the general population with high glycated hemoglobin, a chi-square test was carried out. A t-test was also used to compare the means of glycated hemoglobin between the groups diagnosed with and not diagnosed with depression. In analyzing the relationship between depression and glycated hemoglobin, analysis of covariance was performed by adjusting the effects for demographic factors. @*Results@#Sex, age, income level, education level, drinking, smoking, exercise, and body mass index are all factors that influence glycated hemoglobin. The mean glycated hemoglobin was high in the group diagnosed with depression. The relationship between depression and glycated hemoglobin could not be confirmed using logistic regression after controlling for confounding variables. @*Conclusion@#There was no significant correlation between depression and glycated hemoglobin in the general population of Korea based on the results of this study.

Pharmacogenetics in Psychotropic Drugs / 우울ㆍ조울병

Pharmacogenetics is used in psychiatry to predict the effects and side effects of psychotropic drugs. As most mental disorders have complex causes and unpredictable outcomes, personalized treatment using pharmacogenomics would be a useful method. However, pharmacogenetic studies in psychiatry have yielded insignificant results thus far, making their clinical application extremely limited. Early testing, prediction of drug side effects, and drug compliance will be discussed as considerations for the effectiveness of the pharmacogenetic test in psychiatry. Although pharmacogenetic tests in psychiatry do not yet have high sensitivity and specificity, they may be useful in the future for predicting clinical prognosis or developing novel drug treatments. As a result, the authors summarized the current state and prospects of pharmacogenetics in psychiatry in this review.

Where is the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Signaling Pathway in Depression? / 우울ㆍ조울병

Although the pathophysiology of depression has not been clearly elucidated yet, the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway has recently taken an increasingly important position in the pathophysiology of depression. In this review, preclinical and clinical studies of depression related to the mTOR signaling pathway will be summarized to explore the current position of mTOR in depression. Because the role of mTOR in the mechanism of the antidepressant effect of ketamine has been attracting attention, related studies will also be reviewed. Summarizing these studies, this review would like to suggest the basis and future direction for treatment and research of depression.

Relationship between Suicidal Ideation and Plasma C-Reactive Protein Level in General Population : The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey / 우울ㆍ조울병

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to inquire into the relationship between the association of suicidal ideation and the plasma C-reactive protein level in the general population.METHODS: This study selected a total of 5,090 subjects who have responded to the survey item on suicidal ideation status, and received the plasma C-reactive protein test, as a research subject using the 2015 data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey. This study conducted a covariance analysis by correcting a potential influence of demographic and hematological factors. Besides, this study intended to define the cut-off value of the optimum plasma C-reactive protein level, which once identified can distinguish between a subject with and without suicidal ideation using the model of the decision tree.RESULTS: The Plasma C-reactive protein level of a subject having suicidal ideation was noted as being significantly higher than the one having no suicidal ideation in the covariance analysis (p=0.046). In addition, the proper cut-off value of the plasma C-reactive protein level between the subjects with and without suicidal ideation was found to be 1.30 mg/L (p=0.003).CONCLUSION: It is noted that the high plasma C-reactive protein level showed a significant correlation with individuals with noted suicidal ideation. In addition, this study has significance in that it presented that the plasma C-reactive protein concentration has the possibility as an accurate and significant marker of suicidal ideation in the general population.