RESUMO
Ultrasound (US) can depict of various anatomical structures, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerve roots, and vessels, around the neck. The usage of US around the neck is increasing due to its quick and easy application for guided injection for nerves, tendons, and joints. This article elaborates the degenerative diseases causing neck pain, sonoanatomy, and the use of US for diagnosis and intervention; for example, small nerves around the neck, cervical root, stellate ganglion, medial branches, greater occipital nerve (GON), and third occipital nerve (TON). The aim of this review article is to lead readers to understand the anatomy around the neck and structural relations, and to get to know about several US-guided intervention of the neck.
RESUMO
PURPOSE: We report two cases of retinal folds developing after pars plana vitrectomy in patients exhibiting rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. CASE SUMMARY: (Case 1) A healthy 52-year-old male visited our clinic complaining of blurred vision in his right eye. His visual acuity was 0.8 in that eye. Fundal examinations revealed upper retinal detachment and retinal tears at the 12 and 1 o'clock positions. He underwent pars plana vitrectomy with gas injection, and 1 week later, the retina was reattached. A retinal fold was detected at the 4 o'clock position; the fold extended for two disc diameters from the optic disc to the equator. The fold resolved spontaneously after 3 months. (Case 2) A 59-year-old male visited our clinic complaining of blurred vision in his right eye. His visual acuity was “counting fingers” in that eye. Fundal examination revealed a retinal tear at the 11 o'clock position and upper retinal detachment involving the macula. He underwent pars plana vitrectomy with gas injection. A retinal fold was detected in the temporal region of the disc running from the 7 o'clock position to the equator. Over 11 months of observation without treatment, optical coherence tomography (OCT) revealed that the retinal fold resolved. CONCLUSIONS: We report the first two Korean cases of spontaneous relief of retinal folds developing after vitrectomy, and the OCT patterns of the folds.