Cilostazol Attenuates 4-hydroxynonenal-enhanced CD36 Expression on Murine Macrophages via Inhibition of NADPH Oxidase-derived Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Although anti-atherogenic effects of cilostazol have been suggested, its effects on the expression of SR in macrophages are unclear. This study investigated the role of cilostazol on CD36 expression of murine macrophages enhanced by HNE, a byproduct of lipid peroxidation. The stimulation of macrophages with HNE led to an increased expression of CD36, which was significantly attenuated by NAC, an antioxidant. Moreover, the increased production of ROS by HNE was completely abolished by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, DPI and apocynin, as well as by the 5-LO inhibitor, MK886, but not by inhibitors for other oxidases. This suggested that NADPH-oxidase and 5-LO were major sources of ROS induced by HNE. In addition, HNE-enhanced expression of CD36 was reduced by these inhibitors, which indicated a role for NADPH oxidase and 5-LO on CD36 expression. In our present study, cilostazol was a significant inhibitor of ROS production, as well as CD36 expression induced by HNE. An increase in NADPH oxidase activity by HNE was significantly attenuated by cilostazol, however cilostazol had no effect on HNE-enhanced 5-LO activity. Together, these results suggest that cilostazol attenuates HNE-enhanced CD36 expression on murine macrophages thorough inhibition of NADPH oxidase-derived ROS generation.

Bladder Stone Formation on Intra-uterine Contraceptive Device Perforated into the Bladder / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Various intravesical foreign bodies have been extracted from the bladder. Their introduction into the bladder may be through self-insertion, iatrogenic insertion or migration from the adjacent organs. The means of extracting the foreign bodies differ according to the nature and characteristics of the foreign bodies and to minimize bladder and urethral injury. However, complete extraction should also be confirmed after the extraction procedure. Bladder stone formation in an intra-uterine contraceptive device that perforates into the bladder seldom occurs. We experienced a case of a bladder stone that formed in an intra-uterine contraceptive device, which had perforated into the bladder. The possibility of an intravesical foreign body should be considered in any patient with chronic unexplained lower urinary tract symptoms.