A Critical Analysis of Intracranial Hemorrhage as a Fatal Complication of Dengue Fever

Dengue fever is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne virus in the world, infecting about 100 million individuals. A rare but possibly dangerous consequence of dengue illness is intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Currently, the pathogenesis of ICH is unknown. A number of studies have found a variety of risk factors for ICH in dengue. In addition, studies have reported the use of emergency surgery while monitoring thrombocytopenia in the therapy of dengue ICH. This review enumerates the potential predictors of ICH in dengue, discusses the use of brain imaging, and mentions the possibility of emergency surgery.

Association Between VEGF + 936 C> T Gene Polymorphism with Degrees of Neutrophils and Lymphocytes Infiltration in Gastritis

@#INTRODUCTION: Activation of angiogenesis stimulated by Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in host cells play a role in response to damaged gastric mucosal in gastritis patient with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. The study showed that presence of polymorphisms in VEGF gene is associated with an increased risk of several disorders like gastric cancer. Infiltration of neutrophils in the gastric mucosa characterized acute gastritis. It can become chronic inflammation characterized by lymphocyte infiltration. This condition will complicate glandular atrophy and intestinal metaplasia in the gastric mucosal epithelium and subsequently cause gastric malignancy. The aim of this study to analyze association between VEGF +936 C>T polymorphism gene with degree of neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltration in gastritis patients with H. pylori. METHODS: Samples were obtained through consecutive sampling in April-August 2019. Gastritis was ensured by endoscopy while histological feature was defined by Sydney system. H. pylori was examined by Campylobacter Like Organism test (CLO) and VEGF + 936 C> T gene polymorphism was ensured using PCR TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay rs2010963. Chi-square analysis was used in this study to determine the association between VEGF + 936 C>T gene polymorphism with degree of neutrophils and lymphocytes infiltration. RESULTS: Of 60 gastritis patients, there were CT genotype (37.5%), followed by CC genotypes (36.7%), and TT genotypes (35%). Patients with CC genotype increased the risk of 18 times moderate and severe neutrophil infiltration compared to CT+TT genotypes (p=0.001). There was no relationship between VEGF + 936 C>T polymorphism and the degree of lymphocytes infiltration (p=0.293) CONCLUSION: There was a significant association between VEGF + 936 C>T polymorphism and the degree of neutrophil infiltration but there was no association between VEGF + 936 C>T polymorphism and the degree of neutrophil infiltration.