Research advances in the impairment of Oddi sphincter function caused by endoscopic sphincterotomy / 临床肝胆病杂志

The Oddi sphincter has a delicate structure, and the integrity of its function has an irreplaceable role in preventing retrograde infection due to the reflux of duodenal contents and bacteria and maintaining the balance of physiological environment inside and outside the liver, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. Endoscopic sphincterotomy impairs the integrity of the Oddi sphincter, and such negative effects have received more and more attention. This article reviews the research advances in the impairment of Oddi sphincter function caused by endoscopic sphincterotomy and points out that clinicians should understand and attach importance to such impairment, perform a comprehensive analysis from various aspects, and develop reasonable diagnosis and treatment regimens based on patient’s own conditions.

Effects of exercise intervention on serum-related factors and immunity in a rat model of insulin resistance / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetic patients suffered from different levels of insulin resistance and insulin secretion defects. Retinol binding protein 4 is a fat derived factor found in the blood and is considered tobe an important target for the treatment of visceral obesity and insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE:To observe the level of serum inflammatory cytokines and the changes of immune function in insulin resistance model rats after swimming. METHODS:A total of28 8-week-old Sprague-Dawleymale ratmodels were randomly divided into swimming group and rest group. Rat received intraperitoneal injection with 3 μg/g recombinant serum retinol binding protein 4, twice a day, with an interval of 12 hours, for 6 weeks. At 6 weeks after administration, rats in the swimming group were subjected to swimming without loading for 6 weeks, 60 minutes per day. Serum retinol binding protein 4 levels were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance index) was assessed with homeostasis model assessment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method was used to mark the apoptotic cels in rat thymus. ELISA was used to detect serum interleukin-6 expression. ABC-ELISA was used to test Level of serum granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. S-P One Step Method was used to test CD4 and CD8 activities in blood. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor were significantly positively associated with insulin resistance index. The increase in insulin resistance index would induce the increase in the levels of serum inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, but exercises could decrease above levels. Thymus index, CD4, and CD4/CD8 were negatively associated with insulin resistance index. These results indicate that exercise intervention effectively improved immunity function of rats with insulin resistance and reduced insulin resistance index.

Influence of long-term home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on respiratory muscle strength in patients with stable severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To study the influence of long-term home noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (HNPPV) on respiratory muscle strength in patients with stable severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Sixty-four patients with stable severe COPD discharged from Huabei Oil-field Hospital,Renqiu,Hebei were divided into two groups,one (n=24) with HNPPV plus conventional therapy,and the other (n=40) with conventional therapy plus long-term oxygen therapy as controls.All parameters were followed-up for one-year and compared for the two groups,including maximal iuspiratory pressure (MIP),transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi),maximal transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdimax),ratio of Pdi/Pdimax,arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2),forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1),6-min walking distance (6MWD),mortality and re-hospitalization rate.Results Age,gender,course of the disease,body mass index (BMI),arterial PaCO2,PaO2,MIP,Pdi,Pdiraax,ratio of Pdi/ Pdimax,FEV1,ratio of FEV1/FVC%,6MWD and re-hospitalization rate of the patients between the two groups were all comparable (P>0.05).In one-year follow-up,PaCO2averaged (52±8)mm Hg,MIP (64±7) cm H2O,Pdi (33±5) cm H2O,Pdimax (101±9) cm H2O,Pdi/Pdimax (0.31±0.04),FEV1 (35±4) %,FEV1/FVC% (44±4) %,6MWD (272±26) m and (2.6 ± 0.8) admissions per year in the HNPPV group,significantly different from those in the control group [ (57 ± 6) mm Hg,(59 ± 6) cm H2O,(31±4) cm H2O,(84±7) cm H2O,(0.35±0.05),(33±3)%,(41±4)%,(212±28) m,and (3.7±0.8) admissions per year] (P<0.05).One death was observed in the HNPPV group (1/24) and three in the control group (3/4 0) in one - year follow - up,with no statistically significant difference (X2=0.00,P>0.05).Conclusions Long-term use of HNPPV for patients with stable severe COPD could efficiently improve their respiratory muscle strength and endurance,thus improving their pulmonary ventilation and treatment efficcacy.

Vague categorization of the metal elements in Chinese patent medicines for treating cerebrovascular diseases / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies indicated that trace elements were closely correlated with the causes and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease, many trace elements play a beneficial role in maintaining the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular functions and structures, the trace elements needed in human body all exist in Chinese patent medicines, and different Chinese patent medicines contain different trace elements.OBJECTIVE: To make vague category of metal elements in 10 kinds of Chinese patent medicines commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in clinic, and find the similarity of the contents of trace elementsand macroelements among the medicines, so as to provide evidence for researching the role of trace elements in the medicines and the correlation with the treatment of cerebrovascular disease.DESIGN: Ten kinds of Chinese patent medicines were powdered and accurately weighed, digested wit the HNO3-HClO4 wet method, the contents of metal elements were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry,mathematic matrix was applied in the vaguecategory of the data so as to find the similarities among the medicines.SETTINGS: Department of Chemistry, Jilin Medical College; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: The medicines were Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet, Maitong capsule, Tongmai Ningxin Chongji, Fufang Yinxing Jiaowan, Dahuoluo Dan, Zhongfeng Huichun tablet, Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsule and Di 'ao Zhibituo, all of which could be bought on the market. Reagents: The standard reserving solution for Ca,Mg, Cu and Cr was the national criteria solution (NCS) with the concentration of 1.000 g/L (State Test Center of Ferrous Materials), that for Mn was the secondary NCS with the concentration of 500 mg/L (China General Station for Environment Monitoring). The concentration was 50 mg/L for Ca,Mg, Cu and Cr, 20 mg/L for Mn, HNO3 and HClO4 were both in excellent purity, and the water for the experiment was deionized water.METHODS: From March to June in 2001, 10 kinds of Chinese patent medicines commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in clinic were selected in the Department of Chemistry, Jilin Medical College, dried and powdered, completely mixed, 1.000 0 g was weighed accurately with analytical balance, 3 portions were used for each kind of sample. The atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the contents of macroelements (Na, Ca, Mg, K) and trace elements (Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn), the ratios of Cu/Zn and Ca/Mg were calculated, the method of vague category was applied to study the correlations of the medicines.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The differences of the contents of trace elements in different medicines were observed by determining their contents,and the similarities were found in the clustering analysis of the data.RESULTS: ① The contents of the trace elements and macroelements were rich in the 10 medicines, but they were different in different medicines.There were more macroelements in Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet and Dahuoluo Dan; The trace elements were more in Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. ② The contents of 10kinds of metal elements, Cu/Zn ratio and Ca/Mg ratio of each sample were taken as the indexes for standardized processing, and the method of maximal tree was applied for the clustering analysis. When r=0.55, five medicines had similar cluster, which were Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet, Maitong capsule, Dahuoluo Dan and Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsule. ③ When r=0.85, three medicines had similar cluster, which were Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. When r=0.95, the clustering analysis of trace elements of two medicines were extremely similar, which were Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. Both Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule had the efficacies of increasing blood flow, ameliorate blood stream, and they had many similarities in treating cerebrovascular disease.CONCLUSION: Trace elements should have the similar actions in the process of drug treatment, the Chinese patent medicines with greater correlation coefficient in the clustering analysis have greater similarities in the efficacy on cerebrovascular disease, and those with smaller correlation coefficient also have fewer similarities in the efficacy.

Determination of the contents of mental elements and total fiavone in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has clear efficacy and fewer side effects, because of its own pharmacological action, as well as the trace elements in it.OBJECTIVE: To determine the contents of metal elements and their total flavone in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG).DESIGN: Repeated measurement trial.SETTING: Jilin Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: SBG was bought on the market. Rutoside sample(F 20050930, Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Trace Element in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Medical College from April to July in 2006. SBG samples were dried and powdered then digested with nitric acid-perchloric acid wet method. And 1.000 0 g was weighed accurately, 3 portions were used for each kind of sample, placed in 25 mL coni cal flask, 10 mL concentrated HNO3 was added, then sealed for overnight.10 mL concentrated HNO3 and 5 mL HClO4 were added respectively on the next day, and slowly heated on the electric hot plate; when only about 1 mL left, 20 mL concentrated HNO3 and 5 mL HC1O4 were added for continuous digestion till the solution was colorless and clearing and almost dried. It was diluted and dissolved with 30 g/L nitric acid, then transferred to 50 mL volumetric flask, evenly mixed for measurement. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect macroelement Na, Ca, Mg, K and trace element Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn. Alcohol extraction method was applied to extract the total flavone of SBG while UV spectrophotometry for the content of total flavone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The contents of metal elements and their total flavone.RESULTS: The contents of metal elements and total flavone in SBG were detected as follows: K (1 098.516 8±2.731 9) μg/g; Ca (6 561.552 6±78.716 7) μg/g; Na (9 530.491 2±44.176 6) μg/g; Mg (6 555.442 8±36.860 3) μg/g; Fe (512.075 0±5.135 9) μg/g; Cu (2.905 0±0.134 2) μg/g;Zn (30.081 0±0.740 0) μg/g; Mn (12.409 2±0.247 7) μg/g; Total flavone(17.496 2±2.134 4) mg/g.CONCLUSION: Metal element and their total flavone are rich in SBG.

Study of related factors of the therapeutic efficacy of chemonucleolysis under X-ray monitoring for treatment of lumbar disc herniation / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To study the related factors of intradiscal injection of collagenase. Methods One hundred and sixty eight patients with lumbar disc herniation were injected with collagenase(600U) under X ray monitoring. Assessment of efficacy of the treatment was made in 1 week, 3 months and 1 year follow up. The parameters such as the size, the type and the number of herniated disc were studied. The effect of stenosis was also analyzed. Results The overall success rate after 1 week, 3 months and 1 year following the therapy was 22.62%, 89.29% and 92.26% , respectively. Seven patients were treated with surgical operation during the follow up, 1 developed cauda equina syndromes at the third day after the injection. It was found that the size of herniation did not affect the efficacy of the treatment. The protruded disc got better result than bulge disc after 1 week following the chemonucleolysis ( P

Inhibition effects of radix salviae miltiorrhizae on Ca~(2+) activity promoted by angiotensin Ⅱ: a randomized control trial / 第三军医大学学报

Objective To investigate whether pharmacological serum from the rats taking radix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) can inhibit increase of intracellular free calcium level in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Methods A total of 32 healthy SD rats were divided into 4 groups. Two groups were modeled into hepatic fibrosis by 40% CCl 4 injection subcutaneously for 9 weeks and RSM were filled into the stomachs of one group (group A) but the same volume of saline into the other group (group B) twice a day for 6 d. Another two groups were only filled with RSM (group C) and saline (group D) for 6 d without modeling into hepatic fibrosis. The pharmacological serum was drawn from the inferior vena cava at 2 h after the last time of RSM or saline and used to culture HSCs at the concentration of 10% for 24 h. After HSCs were loaded with Fluo-3/AM, the effects of RSM on [Ca 2+ ] i with laser scanning confocal microscopy were examined before and after angiotensin Ⅱ treatment. Results In the activated HSCs of groups A and C, [Ca 2+ ] i decreased significantly as compared with groups B and D (P

Observation of curative effects of human growth factor on vascular dementia / 中国组织工程研究

Objective To explore the treatment effect of human growth factor (NGF) on vascular dementia. Method 47 cases with vascular dementia were randomly divided into two groups (study and control). The study group (24 cases) were treated with NGF, the control group (23 cases) were treated with ordinary medicines.Results The intelligence and cognitive ability in the study group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with other methods, NGF has a significant curative effect.

Dynamic variation of serum and stool level of interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and interferon-alpha in children with rotavirus enteritis and its relation to clinical manifestations / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>This study was conducted to observe dynamically the serum and stool level of IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-alpha with RV enteritis, and to analyse the relation of them and their relation to clinical manifestations.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The double-antibody sandwich ELISA technique was applied.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of RV in 119 enteritis cases was 63.0% and the peak month was November. These cytokines had different peak phases in the course of disease. The earliest cytokine which had peak phase was IFN-alpha, the last ones were serum and stool IL-2. There was a negative relation between stool IL-2 and IL-6 (P<0.01). There were positive relation between IL-2 and IFN-alpha, stool IL-6 and IFN-alpha, serum IL-2 and IL-6, stool IL-2 and the recovery time of the enteritis (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Serum and stool level of IL-2 and IFN-alpha had positive relation to the number of lymphocyte plus mononuclear cells (P<0.01 or P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IL-2, IL-6 and IFN-alpha play important roles of immunoregulation in RV enteritis, and have close relation to clinical manifestations.</p>

Separation and purification process of total flavonoids from Scutelaria baicalensis / 中成药

AIM:To review the 10 kinds of macroporous resin's absorption of total flavnoids to screen out the one which could separate the Baicalin,Baicalein,Wogonoside,Wogonin simultaneously. METHODS: By HPLC,using the content of Baicalin,Baicalein,Wogonoside,wogonin as the marker,adopting a static adsorbtion in combination with dynamic state. RESULTS: The difference in adsorption and desorption among macroporous resins and adsorption condition arose from four kinds of flavonoids. CONCLUSION: At a comprehensive estimate SP-825 resin was regarded as the ideal for adsorption and desorption.

Effects of radix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) on MAPK pathway in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) / 解放军医学杂志

Objective To observe two main subtypes of MAPK family-ERK and JNK activation in HSCs and investigate the effects of the serum of Radix Salviae Militiorrhizae treated animals on the activation of ERK and JNK in HSCs. Methods HSCs were cultured in vitro. After the model of hepatic fibrosis was replicated in SD rats, Radix Salviae Militiorrhizae decoction was given via gastrogavage to the rats of treatment groups to obtain serum containing the drug. The dose was 10 times of dose per kg per day for adults in 2 divided doses for 6 consecutive days, while the same volume of 0.9% NaCl was given to the rats of non-treatment groups. on the 7th day, the routine dose was orally given again; the blood sample was drawn from the vena cava after 2 hour; the serum was isolated and inactivated with water bath at 56℃; finally, the serum was filtered to eliminate bacteria. Just before using the serum, RPMI-1640 culture medium was added to prepare culture media of 10% drug-containing serum, which was incubated with the subcultured HSCs. The experiment was divided into the following groups: A: serum of extracted from normal rats; B: medicated serum of RSM extracted from normal rats; C: serum from CCl_4-induced liver fibrosis rats; D: medicated serum of RSM extracted from CCl_4-induced liver fibrosis rats.After 24h incubation with above every group serum which were added blindly to HSCs, P-ERK and P-JNK were detected by Western blot respectively. Results Both RSM Pharmacological serums decreased P-ERK and P-JNK in HSCs significantly compared with controls (P

Effect of substance P and epidermal growth factor receptor on the pathogenesis of early psoriasis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the pathogenesis of substance P (SP) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in early psoriasis vulgaris. Methods SP and EGFR were detected in normal skin tissues and psoriatic lesions by radioimmunoassay. Results Expression of SP was significantly enhanced in active and stable psoriasis than in recovery lesions and normal ones (P 0.05). Conclusion SP and EGFR may work together to play a key role in the early pathogenesis of psoriasis.

Research advances in the impairment of Oddi sphincter function caused by endoscopic sphincterotomy / 临床肝胆病杂志

The Oddi sphincter has a delicate structure, and the integrity of its function has an irreplaceable role in preventing retrograde infection due to the reflux of duodenal contents and bacteria and maintaining the balance of physiological environment inside and outside the liver, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. Endoscopic sphincterotomy impairs the integrity of the Oddi sphincter, and such negative effects have received more and more attention. This article reviews the research advances in the impairment of Oddi sphincter function caused by endoscopic sphincterotomy and points out that clinicians should understand and attach importance to such impairment, perform a comprehensive analysis from various aspects, and develop reasonable diagnosis and treatment regimens based on patient’s own conditions.