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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. At present, hepatectomy is one of the most frequent therapeutic options, whereas the high postoperative recurrence rate severely affects the long-term survival of HCC patients. Therefore, it is urgent to choose appropriate therapeutic regime to treat the recurrence of HCC to improve the long-term survival of HCC patients. Surgical treatment is an efficacious treatment for recurrent HCC, including re-hepatectomy, salvage liver transplantation and radiofrequency ablation. Currently, individualized treatment is recommended for postoperative recurrence of HCC. The selection of treatment should be conducted based on the tumor conditions after the first hepatectomy, the characteristics of recurrent tumors, baseline data of patients and recurrence time, etc., aiming to formulate appropriate treatment regimes for patients. In this article, these surgical regimes were reviewed and compared to explore appropriate surgical schemes for postoperative recurrence of HCC, aiming to provide reference for prolonging the survival of HCC patients.
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The essence of precision medicine (PM) is to find the disease pathogenesis,mechanism and treatment targets through large sample population and specific disease type of biomarker exploring,quantitative analysis,verifying and application.Metabolomics,as one of the technologies testing the metabolites in vivo,can be used to predict the level of metabolites in vivo and to diagnose the physiological state of the body in time for guiding the corresponding intervention.This article summarized the application of metabonomics in the precise diagnosis,pathogenesis and treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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As the most downstream of biology information current,metabolism has the special function of information delivery.Work principle and disease mechanism of brain can be better reflected based on the combination of metabolism and gene,transcription,protein and nervous system.At present,there are many reports regarding metabolomics research in the brain to explore the diseases' effect on brain metabolism.Combined with precision medicine,precision application of metabolomics technology in brain diseases was reviewed in this paper.
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Metal or semi-metal elements have numerous physiological and biochemical properties and have correlations with the process of occurrence and development of Zheng and Chinese herbal medicine pharmacodynamics mechanism. This article will expound the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research based on metal elements from the researches of Zheng, medicine theory, pharmacodynamic mechanism, prescription principles, medicine concocted theory and medicine quality control in TCM. In addition to putting forward the shortages of current researches, we also introduce metallomics, the member of Omics in systems biology to offer a new idea for modernization of TCM based on metal elements.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects ofGynura segetum in rats with hepatic veno-occlusive disease (HVOD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to a blank control group, one of three Gynura segetum treatment groups (low-dose group, 5.0 g/kg; mid-dose group, 10 g/kg; high-dose group, 20 g/kg), or a pseudo-drug group (10 g/kg of pseudo-ginseng). After 28 days of treatment, effects on white blood cell count, coagulation, secreted factors from vascular endothelium, and histopathology of the spleen were observed and inter-group differences were statistically assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After the 4-week administration, all rats in the Gynura segetum treatment groups showed decrease in body weight, increases in numbers of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils.decreases in platelets and platelet hematocrit, and increases in mean platelet volume and platelet distribution.In addition, the Gynura segetum treatments increased the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, prothrombin ratio and international normalized ratio, but decreased the PT%, fibrinogen level and platelet aggregation.Serum levels of endothelin and nitric oxide were also elevated by the Gynura segetum treatments.All measured parameters showed significant differences from the control group (P less than 0.01 or less than 0.05).Finally, the splenic follicles were significantly reduced and the spleens showed an absence of germinal centers along with a large number of diffuse lymphocytes and reduced red pulp sinusoids.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The Gynura segetum treatment has some toxic effects; it can reduce platelet count and platelet hematocrit, inhibit blood clotting time and platelet aggregation, increase the secretion of factors from the vascular endothelium and disrupt spleen histology.</p>