RESUMO
Introduction : The medical personnel especially have to deal with both the Biological and Psychological consequences originating from the influence of virus. Emergency Care Units equipped with ambulance service always should be at the fore front to face all emerging untoward incidents. Ambulance Drivers often disregard their physical health and mental stress in order to fulfil the duties entrusted on them. Methodology : Cross-sectional questionnaire based on-line survey was conducted. Ambulance drivers were North and South India were taken as study subjects. Knowledge based questions and mental stress were assessed using Perceived Stress level Scale (PSS). The questionnaires were translated toTamil, Kannada, Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi languages. Chi-square test was done to find the association between variables. Results : Among the 101 respondents, 84.2% were having good knowledge about the pandemic. Statistically significant association between number of patients transported per day and the knowledge levels of Ambulance drivers was found (p =0.048)(Chi-square value=15.65). Drivers in Government sector were having more knowledge compared to private sector (p =0.038)(Chi square value=6.53). The perceived mental stress was found to increase with a greater number of patients being transported per day, which was statistically significant (p =0.001)(Chi-square value= 30.42). Conclusion : Knowledge regarding COVID-19 virus was adequate among the Ambulance Drivers. Knowledge was found to be more among drivers who work in Government medical establishments. Mental stress was more among drivers who transported more than 5 patients per day.
RESUMO
Introduction: Anterior cerebral artery (ACA), the smaller terminal branch of the internal carotid artery is significantclinically due to its wide variety of complexity and technical difficulty in surgical procedures.Methods and materials: This study was done in 50 embalmed adult brain hemispheres at Institute of Anatomy,Madras Medical College, Tamilnadu. The study of the anterior cerebral artery was undertaken to observe themode of origin, its course and branches.Results: Anterior cerebral artery originated from the internal carotid artery in 100% of specimens. ACA passedabove optic nerve in 32 specimens (64%), above optic chiasma in 16 specimens (32%) and above optic tract in 2specimens (4%). The average length of A1 segment of right ACA and left ACA were 14.3 mm and 13.7 mm respectively.The difference in diameter of 1mm or more on both sides was observed in 8%. Left A1 segment was duplicated in1 specimen (2%). Median artery of corpus callosum and Azygous anterior cerebral artery were found in onespecimen each. Fenestration of A2 segment was observed in one specimen (4%). Heubner’s artery arose from A2segment in 32 (64%) specimens, from A1 segment in 6 (12%) specimens and from the level of ACoA in 12 (24%)specimens. The orbitofrontal artery originated on an average distance of 5.73mm on right side and average of4.82mm on left side. Frontopolar artery(FPA) originated at a distance of about 20.2mm on right side and 17.6mmon left side. Callosomarginal artery and pericallosal artery were found in all the specimens. In one specimen theright FPA originated from callosomarginal artery.Conclusion: Rapidly advancing fields of vascular neurosurgery and interventional neuroradiology techniquesrequire a thorough understanding of the anatomy. This detailed study done under various parameters wouldbenefit the radiologists and neurosurgeons.