RESUMO
Background: Rabies is a fatal but preventable zoonotic disease and prevention of rabies following exposure is largely dependent on proper wound care and timely initiation and completion of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) which again dependent on awareness of general population regarding prevention of rabies and economic burden related to PEP. Aims and Objectives: With this background, the present study was carried out to estimate the economic burden, knowledge, and practice regarding prevention of rabies and to determine predictor of practices. Materials and Methods: Facility-based, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted in Rabies Immunization Clinic, Medical College, Kolkata, among 110 animal bite victims (>18 year age) who are attending for PEP during study period (January 2022 to June 2022). Results: About 48.2% study participants had poor knowledge score related to prevention of rabies. Although direct economic burden for all participants was nil, 53.6% participants faced heavy indirect economic burden. Only 62.7% study participants cleaned wound properly following exposure. About 73.6% of study participants had history of timely initiation as well as completion of PEP with regularity. Proper wound care following exposure was mainly determined by awareness level of study participants regarding prevention of rabies, whereas timely initiation as well as completing PEP with regularity was mainly predicted by economic burden incurred by the participants. Conclusion: For achieving zero human deaths due to dog-mediated Rabies by 2030, more emphasis to be given on awareness generation among general population and combating economic burden related to PEP.
RESUMO
Background: Development in early childhood is an important determinant of health status in future life and any damage to brain in that period may affect quality of life. Reliable data regarding prevalence and predictors of developmental delay among under-5 children are required for combating this problem. Aim and Objective: Our study aimed at estimating proportion and determining predictors of developmental delay among 0–6-year-old children. Materials and Methods: An observational analytic study was conducted among 173 children (<6 years) attended in immunization clinic, medical college, Kolkata. Developmental status of children was assessed by Trivandrum Development Screening Chart. Sociodemographic parameters of children and their families were studied. Maternal morbidity and care during antenatal period as well as child morbidity and care during neonatal period were also assessed. Results: Proportion developmental delay among <6-year-old children was 26%. Maternal morbidity during antenatal period was revealed as significant predictor [AOR = 9.835 with 95% CI: 3.089–31.314]. Childhood morbidity and hospitalization during neonatal period were also found to be significant determinants of developmental delay [AOR = 28.041 with 95% CI: 8.826–89.089 and AOR = 28.286 with 95% CI: 8.790–91.023, respectively]. Conclusion: Improvement of neonatal care resulted in much reduction in neonatal mortality rate at the cost of increase in prevalence of developmental delay. Hence, more emphasis is now to be given on early detection and intervention of developmental abnormalities. It is mandatory to focus not only on care during newborn period for reducing mortality but also on “care beyond survival” which is the sixth pillar of India Newborn Action Plan.