RESUMO
Background: Anatomical information of vasculature is of need for the surgeons and radiologists. Carotid artery and its branches supply most of head, neck, and brain. Injuries to the external carotid artery and its branches is often complex and results in high mortality. Knowledge of types and frequencies of vascular variations of external carotid artery is of help for invasive diagnostic and interventional procedures. Materials and methods: 50 external carotid arteries were dissected to study the branching pattern of external carotid artery. Results: Conventional branching pattern was seen in 58% specimens. Superior thyroid artery originated from common carotid artery in 12% specimens. Linguofacial trunk was observed in 16%. Occipital artery and ascending pharyngeal artery rose from a single trunk in 12%. Origin of facial artery from maxillary artery was observed in one specimen. Conclusion: Study of variations in the branching pattern of the external carotid artery adds to the existing anatomical knowledge. Variations in the branching pattern is of definite help for interventional radiologists, vascular, craniofacial and neck surgeons.
RESUMO
Background: Methods based on measurements and morphometry are accurate and can be used in determinationof sex. Even the bony remains like mandibular ramus can be used to predict the sex of the individual which willbe of help for forensic experts. Morphometry of mandibular ramus will also be of importance for anthropologists,anatomists and prosthetists.Materials and Methods: Coronoid height, maximum ramus breadth, minimum ramus breadth and maximumramus height was measured in 200 adult cadavers.Results: The coronoid height varied from 42.02 mm to 68.46 mm in males and it varied from 40.08 mm to 66.76mm in females. The maximum ramus breadth in male mandible varied from 28.84 mm to 42.28 mm and infemales it varied from 27.44 mm to 41.42 mm. The minimum ramus breadth in males varied from 21.92 mm to36.80 mm, in females it varied from 17 mm to 34.26 mm. The maximum ramus height in males varied from 47.76mm to 68.64 mm and in females it varied from 42.56 mm to 69.56 mm.Conclusion: All the parameters measured were higher in males than females. Comparison studies revealed thatthe South Indian parameters were lesser than Thais, Croatians and Africans.