Prevalence of post stroke depression and its relationship with disability and lesion location

This study aims to investigation the incidence of depression after stroke and related factors. This investigation is a descriptive- analytic study which was conducted in the neurology department of Khatam hospital in 2007. We studied 100 patients with stroke in the first month after stroke, with using the available sampling. Patient's inclusion criteria were age higher than 18, defined place of cerebral lesion with CT scan or MRI, the sensory-motor disorders, Barthel disability index > 70 before the stroke. Exclusion criteria were aphasia, consciousness impairment and mini-mental status examination < 20. These patients were studied by demographic and Beck Depression Inventory and Bartheldisability index. Data were analyzed by SPSS statistical soft ware with t-test and Chi-square test. We studied 100 [61 men and 39 women] patients, that 42 [42%] persons were depressed. Between physical disability after stroke on the basis of Barthel index and depression were significant relation [k[2]=12.322, df =1, P < 0.001] but there was no significant relationship between depression and lesion location. It seems there is a significant relation between the amount of physical disability after stroke and the occurrence of depression

[ relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement in students of guidance schools in Zahedan in 2006]

Children and adolescents have a great experience of anxiety. Sometimes these anxieties have such an intensity that may affect their daily life and education negatively. One of these anxieties is test anxiety. Most of researches have reported a strong relationship between test anxiety and academic achievement, whereas earlier investigators found a smaller relationship between these variables. In this study the prevalence of test anxiety and its relationship with educational achievement was investigated. This investigation is a descriptive - analytic study and was done on guidance school students in Zahedan. From Nine schools [5 girl's and 4 boy's] 935 students were selected randomly. Data gathering tools were Sarason Test Anxiety Questionnaire [TAQ] and demographic features questionnaire and students, average score was also accounted. For analysis of Data, correlation coefficient, T-test and X[2] test were used. Total population was 935[540 girls and 395 boys] students, of whom. 400 students [42.78%] had test anxiety. The results of this study showed that, test anxiety occurs in girls more than boys and this difference was significant [P < 0.01, X2 = 18]. Also the average of test anxiety score among girls was higher. A reverse ratio was observed between test anxiety and academic achievement [P = 0.003, r = -0.13]. The last matter is that educational achievements and test anxiety level have a reverse ratio. It means that as test anxiety level increases, educational achievement decreases and vice-versa

[Prevalence of risk behaviors related to intentional and unintentional injuries among adolescent high school students of Sistan and Balouchestan, southeast of Iran]

Adolescence is an important stage of life marked by changes and rapid development. These changes are associated with health-related behaviors and influence. The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of health-related risk behaviors leading to unintentional and intentional injuries among adolescent high school students of Sistan and Balouchestan province. In this cross-sectional study, a multistage cluster sampling method was used to select a representative sample of high school students of Sistan and Balouchestan province. A total of 1855 students [925 males and 930 females] were selected and asked for completion of the questionnaire of risk behaviors. During 12 months preceding the survey, 42.6% of students had ridden motorcycle; 78% of the riders never, 14.5% rarely and 7.5% always used safety helmet. In response to the questions of using seat belt while driving a car, they stated never, rarely and always with 39.2%, 35.7% and 24.9%, respectively. They showed that 39% had ridden with a driver who had used drug [opiate or alcohol] and 49.3% stated to have driven a car one or more times without license during lifetime. About 22.1% of high school students had some time carried a weapon [a gun, knife] and 6.7% had carried a gun during the 12 months preceding the study. In that period of time, 53.3% of students were involved in a physical fight and 41.8% reported injury due to their fights, 19.6% had attempted or designed a suicide and 69% reported sadness for several days. About 14.2% had been absent from school one or more times because of unsafe feeling at school or on the way to or from school. In the year prior to the survey, 40.9% had left school without permission. Also, 4% of students had left their home for one day or more. The findings indicated that many high school students of Sistan and Balouchestan were engaged in behaviors that place them at risk of serious health problems. Planning and improving health policies and programs, particularly focusing on adolescents, are recommended to reduce risk associated behaviors