[Anti-nociceptive activity of regenerated drosera spatulata aqueous extract by rat formalin test]

The use of regenerated plants provides a new era in herbal medicine production. In this study, the analgesic effect of aqueous extracts from aerial part of regenerated Drosera spatulata [Droseraceae] was examined on Sprague Dawley rats by formalin test. The D. spatulata cultured on hormone-free solid Murashige and Skoog [MS] medium supplemented with 3% [w/v] sucrose and 0.7% [w/v] agar for 3 months. The aqueous extract prepared from aerial part of regenerated plant. The extract [0.05 mg/kg, i.p.] significantly [p<0.05] and in a dose-dependent [0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1 mg/kg, i.p.] manner reduced rat flinching responses. Sodium salicylate [300 mg/kg] was used as a positive control. Sodium salicylate [300 mg/kg, i.p.] and extract [0.05 mg/kg, i.p.] alleviated rats nociception in the second phases, while in the first phase, only the extract caused an anti-nociceptive effect [p<0.05]. The results suggested that analgesic effect of D. Spatulata extract may be dependent on central and peripheral analgesic mechanisms. Our results indicate analgesic effect of regenerated plant extract was effective as sodium salicylate effective dose

Responsiveness of PGi neurons to the noxious stimulus in capsaicin treated morphine dependent rats

Nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis [PGi] is one of the major components of the rostral ventromedial medulla [RVM], which is involved in nociceptive processing and pain modulation. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of C fiber destruction on responsiveness of nucleus reticularis paragigantocellularis [PGi] to formalin, as a noxious stimulus, in normal and morphine dependent rats. C-fiber destruction was induced by neonatal capsaicin [CAP] treatment [50mg/Kg, s.c.], in the second postnatal day. Extracellular single unit recording was used in control, capsaicin treated and morphine dependent, urethane [1.2-1.5g/Kg] anesthetized rats. After baseline recording [40 min], 100micro l formalin [5%] was injected into the controlateral hind paw and recording was continued in the PGi, for 60 min after noxious stimulus. In control rats three types of neurons were detected, which were categorized as, increased [38.45%], decreased [23.1%] and neutral neurons [38.45%]. In CAP treated rats the 3 types of neurons were observed, too. The duration of response [Baseline +/- 2SD], in CAP treated rats was significantly shorter than that of controls. All recorded neurons in morphine dependent rats were neutral, but 30% of recorded neurons in CAP treated morphine dependent rats showed short increase in firing rate. It was concluded that C-fiber destruction may just reduce the time course of changes in firing rate in response to peripheral noxious stimulus, while chronic morphine exposure may suppress the neuronal responsiveness, totally