RESUMO
To define the main criteria for application of simulation in healthcare systems, especially in outpatient settings. This was a systematic review of the literature. The search involved the use of 3 keywords, namely simulation models, health care systems and outpatient services. The articles were categorized into 3 main groups:- Changes in patients arrival patterns, - Changes in resource allocation methods, - Changes in service delivery processes. The findings are presented in the light of the above headings. Literature show that simulation can be an effective decision-making tool and it can be employed usefully to improve the performance of the health system. It should be kept in mind, however, that a proper information system must be in place to facilitate access to information and to encourage participation by simulation experts and stakeholders such as clients, service providers, and decision makers