Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of nalbuphine hydrochloride and naloxone hydrochloride following induces haemorrhagic shock in cats

The cardiovascular effects of opioid mixed agonistantagonist, nalbuphine hydrochloride and opioid antagonist, naloxone, have been evaluated in anaesthetized cats following the induction of hypovolaemia. The mean arterial pressure in anaesthetized cats decreased by about 39 +/- 0.5 mmHg following a haemorrhage of 40% of their blood volume. An intravenous infusion of nalbuphine [0.5 mg/kg/min for 4 min.] or naloxone [0.5 mg/kg/min. for 4 min.] partially restored blood pressure. Thus in experimental animal models of harmorrhagic shock, nalbuphine has similar cardiovascular profile to naloxone. The established analggesic activity of nalbuphine may confer an dvantage in some shock states

effect of piracetam on the anaesthetic recovery in geriatric patients

Piracetam is a nootropic agent claimed to possess a protective effect on cerebral nerve cells against hypoxia. The present study included 80 geriatric patients undergoing suprapubic prostatectomy under general anaesthesia. They were divided into two equal groups: test and control. Patients of the test group received piracetam, 15 gm. added to 500 ml lactated Ringer solution - as an I.V. infusion at the start of surgery. The anaesthetic technique was standardized and the study conducted on a double-blind basis. Subjective as well as objective assessment of the state of consciousness cortical activity and neurovegetative stability was carried out in the post-anaesthetic period. Piracetam administration was found to reduce the post-anaesthetic recovery time. Recovery was rapid, smooth, lucid and free of neuropsychic complications