Prevalence of cleft lip and palate in cousin marriages

Birth defects are one of the leading causes of paediatric disability and mortality in developing as well as developed countries. The purpose of this study is to report our 3 months experience regarding the prevalence of cleft lip and palate in cousin marriages. A retrospective review of 50 patients who presented with cleft lip or cleft lip/palate during 3 months, from 9th March to 8th June, 2005 was carried out. Among the risk factors cousin marriages is a most frequent risk factor. Cleft lip is more common than cleft lip/palate and cleft lip alone is a different entity than cleft lip and palate combined

Frequency of benign breast diseases in female patients presenting with breast lumps - a study at sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore

To determine the frequency of benign breast diseases in female patients in our setup. Prospective descriptive study. The study was carried on female patients presenting at surgical out door of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during one year i.e. January 2001 to January 2002. Two hundred female patients presenting with breast lumps at surgical out door of Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore during one year were studied. All the patients were examined clinically with special emphasis on breast, axilla and supra clavicular fossae. Basic laboratory investigations including blood complete examination, urine complete examination and chest X -ray were done for all the patients. Breast imaging and FNAC of lumps were also done. Final diagnosis was based upon histological examination of the tissues biopsied from the lump. After collecting data, written in proforma, window SPSS software was used to analyze the results. This study shows a high f requency of fibroadenoma [45%] in Pakistani females. Fibrocystic disease is second in frequency and accounts for 36% patients.8% patients had intraductal papilloma and three percent suffered from duct ectasia.5% patients had other conditions related to breast including two patients presenting with pre histological diagnosis of fibrocystic disease who turned out to be malignant after histopathology. Most of the patients had age range of 20-29 years. Fibroadenoma is the commonest of all benign breast diseases in Pakistani women. Fibrocystic change is the second in this regard. Benign lesions of the breast can resemble its carcinoma on clinical examination

Social aspects of patients with carcinoma breast presented to Sir Ganga Ram hospital Lahore

This study was carried out in Sir Ganga Ram Hospital from January 2001 to December 2003. 525 patients with carcinoma breast were selected and a detailed demographic record was maintained. It was seen that the largest no. of cases were between 30-39 years i.e., 37.33% Socioeconomic status showed that 47.24% belong to lower group 80.38% were house wives Marital status showed 97.14% were married 66.67% patients belong to rural areas. Age at the time of first pregnancy was between 22-27 years i.e., 75% of cases. Average number of children was 5 seen in 52.78% cases. Lactation status showed 41.67% had breast fed their children for 18 months. Family history was positive in 2.7% patients. Average size of the lump was 6-10cm i.e 55.6%. It was T3 tumor in 47.22% of cases