Analysis of the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in prostate cancer patients aged 80 years or older / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy in elderly prostate cancer patients aged ≥80 years in good health. 【Methods】 A total of 18 octogenarian patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy during Aug.2016 and Mar.2020 at our hospital were selected for retrospective analysis. 【Results】 The patients were 80 to 86 years old. The preoperative serum PSA was 5.25-101.00 ng/mL. There were 2 cases in stage cT1N0M0,12 in stagec T2N0M0 and 4 in stage cT3N0M. The Gleason score was ≤6 in 4 cases,=7 in 9 cases,and ≥8 in 5 cases. During the follow-up of 22 to 65 months,the rates of urinary incontinence at 1 month,3 months,6 months,and 1 year were 50.00% (9/18),33.33% (6/18),16.67% (3/18) and 5.56 %(1/18),respectively. The postoperative urinary control recovery time was 1 to 220 days. Positive incision margin developed in 3 cases and biochemical recurrence occurred in 3 cases. The IPSS score at 3, 6 months and 1 year after surgery were lower than these before surgery (P<0.05). The overall health score of the FACD-P scale at 6 months after surgery was higher than that before surgery (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 For well selected octogenarian prostate cancer patients in good condition,laparoscopic radical prostatectomy is a feasible,safe and effective treatment option,but long-term follow-up and prospective clinical studies with large sample size are still needed to confirm its efficacy.

Forsythiaside B inhibits cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced oxidative stress injury in mice via the AMPK/DAF-16/FOXO3 pathway / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To study the protective effect of forsythiaside B (FB) against cerebral oxidative stress injury induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in mice and explore the underlying mechanism.@*METHODS@#Ninety C57BL/6 mice were randomized into sham-operated group, middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model group, and low-, medium and highdose (10, 20, and 40 mg/kg, respectively) FB groups. The expression levels of MDA, ROS, PCO, 8-OHdG, SOD, GSTα4, CAT and GPx in the brain tissue of the mice were detected using commercial kits, and those of AMPK, P-AMPK, DAF-16, FOXO3 and P-FOXO3 were detected with Western blotting. Compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, was used to verify the role of the AMPK pathway in mediating the therapeutic effect of FB. In another 36 C57BL/6 mice randomized into 4 sham-operated group, MCAO model group, FB (40 mg/kg) treatment group, FB+CC (10 mg/kg) treatment group, TTC staining was used to examine the volume of cerebral infarcts, and the levels of ROS and SOD in the brain were detected; the changes in the protein expressions of AMPK, P-AMPK, DAF-16, FOXO3 and P-FOXO3 in the brain tissue were detected using Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#In mice with cerebral IR injury, treatment with FB significantly reduced the levels of ROS, MDA, PCO and 8-OHdG, increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, GSTα4, CAT and GPx, and enhanced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3 and DAF-16 protein expression in the brain tissue (P < 0.01). Compared with FB treatment alone, the combined treatment with FB and CC significantly reduced phosphorylation of AMPK and FOXO3, lowered expression of DAF-16 and SOD activity, and increased cerebral infarction volume and ROS level in the brain tissue of the mice (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#FB inhibits oxidative stress injury caused by cerebral I/R in mice possibly by enhancing AMPK phosphorylation, promoting the downstream DAF-16 protein expression and FOXO3 phosphorylation, increasing the expression of antioxidant enzymes, and reducing ROS level in the brain tissue.

Meta-analysis and GRADE evaluation of Guanxinning Tablets in treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guanxinning Tablets+conventional western medicine in the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease, and provide evidence-based references for clinical medication. Retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, SinoMed, PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, randomized controlled trial(RCT) about Guanxinning Tablets for the treatment of angina pectoris of coronary heart disease from the inception to April 2022 were collected. After literature screening and data extraction, the bias risk assessment tool recommended by the Cochrane evaluation manual handbook 5.1.0 was used to evaluate the quality of the included literature, and RevMan 5.3 and Stata 14.0 were used for Meta-analysis. Eighteen RCTs were finally included, involving 2 281 patients. Meta-analysis showed that, compared with conventional western medicine treatment alone, Guanxinning Tablets+conventional western medicine significantly improved angina pectoris efficacy(RR=1.33, 95%CI[1.13, 1.57], P=0.000 8), electrocardiogram efficacy(RR=1.32, 95%CI[1.02, 1.71], P=0.03), and exercise duration(MD=59.53, 95%CI[39.16, 79.90], P<0.000 01) and reduced the incidence of cardiovascular events(MACE)(RR=0.43, 95%CI[0.30, 0.61], P<0.000 01), high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP)(MD=-2.75, 95%CI[-3.71,-1.79], P<0.000 01), and endothelin-1(ET-1) levels(MD=-9.34, 95%CI[-11.36,-7.32], P<0.000 01). There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups(RR=0.91, 95%CI[0.68, 1.22], P=0.52). Subgroup analysis showed that Guanxinning Tablets may have better short-term efficacy(less than 6 months) in the treatment of heart-blood stasis syndrome. GRADE grading showed that angina pectoris efficacy, electrocardiogram efficacy, MACE, and ET-1 were in the medium grade, hs-CRP and adverse reactions were in the low grade, and exercise duration was in the extremely low grade. In conclusion, the efficacy of Guanxinning Tablets+conventional western medicine is better than conventional western medicine treatment alone, with good safety. Therefore, it is recommended for the short-term treatment of patients with heart-blood stasis syndrome. However, the evidence quality of some results is low, and more rigo-rous RCT is still needed to enhance the reliability of evidence.

Clinicopathological analysis of four cases of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To investigate clinicopathological features of 4 cases of intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) .Methods:Clinical and pathological data were collected from 4 patients with histopathologically confirmed IVLBCL in Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2020 to November 2020, and retrospectively analyzed.Results:The 4 patients were aged 57 - 76 years, including 2 males and 2 females. Of the 4 patients, all had neurological symptoms, 3 had fever, 3 exhibited impaired exercise tolerance and suffocation, and 3 exhibited pitting edema of the body. Case 1 presented with a cherry hemangioma-like papule measuring 0.2 cm in diameter on the back, and case 2 with telangiectasia on the left breast and upper abdomen. Six skin samples were taken from the 4 patients for histopathological and immunohistochemical studies, and tumor cells were found in 1 cherry hemangioma-like lesion and 1 lesion of telangiectasia, as well as in 2 of 4 normal skin samples. Histopathological findings mainly were dilated dermal blood vessels filled with large atypical mononuclear cells, and the atypical mononuclear cells were positive for CD20 immunohistochemically.Conclusion:For those patients with suspected IVLBCL, hemangioma-like and telangiectasia lesions tend to show characteristic histopathological and immunohistochemical findings, and a biopsy of normal skin can facilitate early diagnosis of IVLBCL.

Application and progress of capture-recapture method in population size estimation / 中华流行病学杂志

Capture-recapture method is an economical and straightforward method widely used in fields such as estimating population size and estimating and adjusting incidence or prevalence. This paper reviews the classical capture-recapture method and its improvement and application in population size estimation in referring the subsequent related work.

Current status of regular exercise and influencing factors in 18-64 year old labor force population in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the regular exercise status and influencing factors in 18-64 year-old labor force population in Beijing, and provide evidences for behavioral intervention. Methods: Data were collected from Beijing Adult Non-communicable and Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance Program from August to December, 2017. The stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 13 240 survey subjects throughout the city. The valid sample size included in this study were 11 604 persons aged 18 to 64 years. Questionnaire was used to collection the information about basic demographic characteristics, chronic disease history and physical activity prevalence of the study subjects. The body height and weight were measured by standard methods. Fasting venous blood samples were collected for the detection of fasting blood glucose, blood lipids and other biochemical indicators. Software SPSS 20.0 was used fort complex sampling sample weighting and data analysis. Results: The proportions of the study subjects who did regular exercise and never had leisure-time activity in 18-64 year-old labor force population in Beijing were 23.74% (95%CI: 21.51%-26.12%) and 64.34% (95%CI: 61.66%-66.94%) respectively; The average daily physical activity time was 23.44 min (95%CI: 21.16-25.71), and the total daily sedentary behavior time was 6.96 hours (95%CI: 6.80-7.13). With the increase of age, the proportions of the study subjects who did regular exercise and never had leisure-time activity increased (P=0.006, P<0.001). With the increase of educational level, the proportion of those who did regular exercise increased (P<0.001), and the proportion of those who never had leisure-time activity decreased (P<0.001); the higher the level of physical activity, the higher the regular exercise proportion (P<0.001); the proportions of employed people who did regular exercise was lower than those in unemployed people (P<0.001); the proportions of women never had leisure-time activity was higher than those in men (P=0.024). The results of multivariate analysis showed that older age and higher education level were positive factors for regular exercise (35- years old: OR=0.653, 95%CI: 0.530-0.804, P<0.001; 50-64 years old: OR=0.695, 95%CI: 0.560-0.864, P=0.001; high school/technical secondary school/technical School: OR=0.679, 95%CI: 0.593-0.777, P<0.001; college graduation: OR=0.478, 95%CI: 0.387-0.590, P<0.001; bachelor degree and above: OR=0.435, 95%CI: 0.347-0.546, P<0.001), while employment (OR=1.631, 95%CI: 1.330-2.000, P<0.001) and married/cohabitation (OR=1.340, 95%CI: 1.093-1.644, P=0.038) were negative factors for regular exercise. Conclusions: The rate of regular exercise in 18-64 year-old labor force population in Beijing needs to be improved. Older age and high educational level were positive factors for regular exercise, while being married and employed were negative factors for it.

Characteristics of high-risk cardiovascular disease among residents aged 35-75 in 8 districts of Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the characteristics and current situation of high risks related to cardiovascular disease among residents aged 35-75 in Beijing and to provide scientific reference for the formulation and improvement of cardiovascular disease prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods: According to the data of the Cardiovascular Disease Screening and Management Program in Beijing, 93 520 participants aged 35-75 in 8 districts of Beijing were selected for analysis. We used the χ2 test to compare the high-risk prevalence of cardiovascular disease in different population characteristics. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between population characteristics and the high risks of cardiovascular disease. Results: The prevalence of high-risk cardiovascular disease was 20.82% (19 471/93 520). The prevalence of high-risk population in the 65-75 years-old was significantly higher than those of other age groups [29.05% (5 151/17 733), χ2=3 359.37, P<0.001], and the prevalence increased with age (trend χ2=3 121.75, P<0.05). The prevalence of high risk in males was significantly higher than that of women (31.19%, 10 752/34 476 vs. 14.77%, 8 719/59 044, χ2=3 559.87, P<0.05). The most common clustered risk factors appeared as hypertension and diabetes (29.80%, 5 802/19 471), hypertension with smoking (37.84%, 4 069/10 752) in males, and hypertension with diabetes mellitus in females (49.32%, 4 300/8 719), in urban areas (33.62%, 2 571/7 647) and in suburbs (27.33%, 3 231/11 824). Lower education [high school (OR=1.56,95%CI:1.46-1.66), middle school (OR=1.99,95%CI:1.88-2.12), primary school and below (OR=2.28,95%CI:2.12-2.45)], non-Han ethnicity (OR=1.19, 95%CI: 1.07-1.33), unmarried (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.08-1.24), drinking alcohol (OR=3.06, 95%CI: 2.94-3.19), obesity (OR=1.85, 95%CI: 1.77-1.93), overweight (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.36-1.47), etc., were positively correlated with the high risk of cardiovascular disease. Conclusions: We noticed that the prevalence of high-risk groups of cardiovascular disease aged 35-75 years was around 20% in Beijing, and the proportion in males was higher than females. Low education, drinking, overweight, and obesity were positively correlated with the risks of cardiovascular disease.

Analysis of the current status and related factors of oral nutritional supplements intake among 18-79 years old in Beijing in 2017 / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective: To understand the current status of taking nutrient supplements for residents aged 18 to 79 years old in Beijing and its related factors. Methods: Data were gathered from the 2017 Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease Surveillance Program. Multiple classified cluster sampling method was used, and participants aged 18-79 were sampled from 16 districts. The questionnaire included chronic diseases and related risk factors, health knowledge, and oral nutritional supplements within 12 months. Multivariate logistic regression models were established to analyze associated factors that affect the intake of nutrient supplements. Results: The weighted prevalence of supplements use was 13.1% among 12 696 subjects within the past 12 months. The proportions of multivitamins (4.7%), B vitamins (4.5%), and folic acid (3.2%) were higher. The prevalence of supplement use of young people (18-39 years old) and the elderly (60-79 years old) was higher than middle-aged people (40-59 years old) (χ2=54.09, P<0.001). Except for the age group of 70-79 years old, the consumption rate of women was significantly higher than that of men (P<0.05). After adjusting age and sex, among patients with hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, the control rates of blood pressure, glucose and lipids of patients who take nutrient supplements were higher than those who do not (P<0.05). And participants who took nutrient supplements had a more heightened awareness rate of health knowledge, such as the hazards of smoking and second-hand smoke, and recommended amount of salt per day (P<0.001). The multi-factor logistic analysis found that nutrient supplement-related factors include women, old age, higher education level, living in urban, insufficient physical activity, sleeping problems, active physical examination, blood pressure control among patients, and health knowledge (P<0.05). Conclusions: The factors of nutrient supplements use were related to sex, age, education level, health status, and health literacy. We should pay attention to key populations and guide them to establish the correct concept of taking nutrient supplements.

Progress on application of spatial epidemiology in HIV/AIDS control and prevention / 中华流行病学杂志

Spatial epidemiology focuses on the use of geographic information systems and spatial analysis to study spatial distribution and change tendency of diseases and explore the health status of specific populations. In recent years, spatial epidemiology has been applied in the field of HIV/AIDS prevention and control. This review summarizes the progress in the application of spatial epidemiology in the analysis of spatiotemporal distribution, non-monitoring area data estimation, influencing factors of AIDS and health resource allocation and utilization to provide reference for its application in the prevention and control of AIDS in the future.

Investigation on knowledge, attitude and behavior of salt reduction in adults of Beijing in 2017 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To explore the knowledge, attitude and behavior of salt reduction in adults of Beijing in 2017. Methods: Based on the monitoring data of chronic diseases and corresponding risk factors in adults of Beijing in 2017, the indicators of salt reduction knowledge, attitude and behavior of 13 240 participants aged 18-79 years old were analyzed. The awareness rate, attitude support rate and behavior rate were calculated by complex weighting method, and compared among different age groups, genders, residential areas, and history of hypertension. The proportion of people taking various salt reduction measures to the total number of people was compared. Results: The awareness rate of recommended daily salt intake, the awareness of hypertension caused or aggravated by more salt intake, the attitude support rate and behavior rate of adults were 31.77%, 88.56%, 90.27% and 53.86%, respectively. After weighted adjustment, the awareness rate of recommended daily salt intake was 31.08%, which increased with age (χ2trend=431.56, P<0.001) and education level (χ2trend=95.44, P<0.001). The awareness rate of women was higher than that of men (χ²=118.89, P<0.001), and the awareness rate of population in urban areas was higher than that of population in suburban areas (χ²=34.09, P=0.001). The awareness rate of hypertension caused or aggravated by eating more salt was 86.73%. The support rate of salt reduction attitude was 90.45%. The rate of salt-reducing behavior was 54.05%. Among different salt reduction measures, reducing salt when cooking was the most common measure (52.41%), while the least common one (35.22%) was using low sodium salt. Logistic regression model analysis showed that the gender, age, education level, self-reported history of hypertension, awareness of salt recommendation, awareness of hypertension caused or aggravated by eating more salt, and salt reduction attitude were significantly associated with salt reduction behavior. Conclusion: In 2017, adults in Beijing have a basic understanding of the impact of high-salt diet on health and support salt reduction, but the rate of salt reduction behavior is still relatively low. There are obvious gender and age differences, and the salt reduction measure is simple. Targeted measures should be taken to promote the formation of salt reduction behavior.

Effect of Maxing Shigantang on Airway Injury and EGFR Expression in Asthma Model Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the optimal formula of Maxing Shigantang in regulating epidermal growth factor receptor（EGFR）expression and alleviating airway injury in asthmatic rats and to reveal the underlying mechanism. MethodSD male rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, dexamethasone group (5×10-4 g·kg-1) and Maxing Shigantang 1∶0.5, 1∶1, 1∶2 groups (group A, B, C, 10 g·kg-1), with 8 rats in each group. The other groups except the normal group received nebulization of 2% acetylcholine chloride and 0.4% histamine phosphate for the modeling of asthma. One hour before modeling， the normal group and the model group were given the same amount of normal saline， and the other groups were given the same amount of corresponding drugs， once a day for 7 days. On the 7th day， the model was established and the incubation period of asthma was recorded. The rats were then immediately anesthetized， and arterial blood and tracheal tissue were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was employed to detect the levels of interleukin-2 （IL-2）， interleukin-4 （IL-4）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in serum. Pathological sections were prepared for the observation of the pathological changes of tracheal tissues and the ultrastructure of epithelial cells in each group. Terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling （TUNEL） was adopted to detect epithelial cell apoptosis， and in situ hybridization and Western blot were employed to determine the mRNA and protein levels of epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR）， respectively. ResultCompared with the model group， groups A， B and C prolonged the incubation period of asthma （P<0.05，P<0.01）. Compared with the control group， the model group showed declined IL-2 level （P<0.01）， risen IL-4 and TNF-α levels （P<0.05，P<0.01）， increased airway pathology score， collagen volume fraction， and airway epithelial cell apoptosis index （P<0.01）， and up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of EGFR in trachea tissue （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， group A showed increased IL-2 level （P<0.05） and declined IL-4 （P<0.05，P<0.01） level， and group B showed declined IL-4 level （P<0.05）. The level of TNF-α in groups A， B， and C declined compared with that in the model group （P<0.01）. Maxing Shigantang repaired the tracheal tissue to different degrees （P<0.05）. Among the three groups， group A inhibited tracheal fibrosis （P<0.05） and had the most significant effect of repairing the ultrastructural changes of airway epithelial cells. Groups A， B and C all inhibited the apoptosis of airway epithelial cells （P<0.05）. All the three groups inhibited the up-regulation of EGFR mRNA level （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and groups B and C inhibited the up-regulation of EGFR protein level （P<0.05，P<0.01）. ConclusionMaxing Shigantang can inhibit the abnormal changes of airway epithelial structure， alleviate airway injury， and can down-regulate the expression of EGFR in the tracheal tissue of asthma model rats. In this study， the optimal compatibility of Maxing Shigantang to repair airway epithelial injury in asthmatic rats was group A， with the Ephedrae Herba-Armeniacae Semen Amarum-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma-Gypsum Fibrosum ratio of 1∶0.5∶4∶1.

Exploration and Practice of the Mode of "3+X" in the Cultivation of Scientific Research and Innovation Ability of Medical Students / 中国生物化学与分子生物学报

For a long time, the cultivation of medical students’ scientific research and innovation abilitymainly depends on scattered extracurricular scientific research activities. With limited students, unsystematic teaching and inadequate administrative guarantee, it often results in obvious weakness andinefficiency. Since 2002, the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology teaching team in Shantou UniversityMedical College has been working on a “3+X” model to nurture the scientific research and innovationability of medical students. Guided by the concepts of complementary development of science andeducation, student-centeredness, and Problem-based Learning, a model is established based on the‘HEART” professionalism courses and the academy culture specific to Shantou University. We also takefull advantage of the first-tier disciplines of biology, basic medicine and clinical medicine in ShantouUniversity and collaborate with other professional teaching teams. It is conceptualized in a framework thatembraces the comprehensive connotation of scientific research and innovation ability and adopts a corecurriculum system that runs through the 5-year medical undergraduate education. In this model, " 3" means " whole-person training", " whole-process training" and " omni-directional training" for medicalstudents; " X" refers to several confirmatory dimensions of the operational effectiveness of the " 3+X" model, including organizing medical students to participate in various forms of national college students’ innovative experimental research competitions, international college students’ academic seminars, writingand publishing academic papers by medical undergraduates as the first author, etc. The model proves tobe effective in cultivating the scientific research and innovation ability of medical students, hence settinga good example to solve the current problems in the cultivation of medical students’ scientific researchand innovation ability.

Prevalence of decreased estimated glomerular filtration and risk factors among middle-aged and elderly residents in Beijing / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) and risk factors among middle-aged and elderly residents in Beijing.Methods:In August-December of 2017, 6 549 residents aged 45-79 years old were randomly selected in the study by stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. The investigation was performed by questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests. The contents of questionnaire included the demographic characteristic and prevalence of chronic disease. Blood pressure was tested. Fasting venous blood was collected to test the level of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HLDL), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG), fasting blood-glucose (FBG), blood creatinine (Cr) and serum uric acid (UA). The Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equation was used to estimate GFR(eGFR). The decreased GFR was defined as eGFR less than 60 ml/min per 1.73 m 2. The statistical software SPSS 20.0 was used for analysis. The general linear model, test of independence of rows and columns, logistic regression for complex samples were generalized. The weighted mean and weighted rate were analyzed. Results:The average level of eGFR was (100.51±0.54) ml/min per 1.73 m 2. The rate of decreased GFR was 1.28%, and it showed a higher rate in subjects aged 70-79 years-old, living in urban area, with history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia (4.53%, 1.57%, 2.90%, 2.27%, 2.12% and 4.62%; F=30.827, 10.588, 11.466, 34.693, 6.788,51.643, all P<0.05) . Logistic regression analysis of complex sampling showed that 70-79 years old ( OR=4.435, 95 %CI:2.402-8.191), living in urban area ( OR=3.145, 95 %CI: 1.540-6.420), hypertension ( OR=4.663, 95 %CI:2.177-9.988), hyperuricemia ( OR=6.751, 95 %CI:3.363-13.553) were associated with decreased GFR (all P<0.05). Conclusion:The prevalence of the decreased eGFR among middle-aged and elderly residents in Beijing is higher than the average level in the eastern part of China. Hypertension, hyperuricemia, the old age and living in urban are risk factors of decreased GFR.

Analysis of clinical and pathological diagnoses of 29 987 skin biopsy samples in Peking Union Medical College Hospital / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective To analyze the disease constitution,accuracy of clinical and pathological diagnoses of skin biopsy samples in Peking Union Medical College Hospital.Methods A total of 29987 patients subjected to skin biopsy were collected from Department of Dermatology,Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2010 to November 2018,and clinical and histopathological diagnoses of these skin biopsy samples were analyzed retrospectively.Results According to the results of histopathological diagnosis,confirmed diagnoses of these patients could be classified into 33 categories and 242 kinds.Common disease categories included epidermal tumors (2931 cases,9.77％),connective tissue diseases (2809 cases,9.37％),melanocytic tumors (2078 cases,6.93％),erythematous scaly pustular dermatoses (1376 cases,4.59％),lichenoid dermatoses (1291cases,4.31％),allergic or eczematous skin diseases (1282 cases,4.28％)and infectious skin diseases (1156 cases,3.86％).Common skin diseases included scleroderma (1887 cases,6.29％),pigmented nevus (1755 cases,5.85％),seborrheic keratosis (1136 cases,3.79％),eczema (1089 cases,3.63％),psoriasis (881 cases,2.94％),lichen planus (867 cases,2.89％),lupus erythematosus (638 cases,2.13％),pemphigus (549 cases,1.83％),and basal cell carcinoma (501 cases,1.67％).Poor consistency was observed between clinical diagnosis and histopathological diagnosis of lichen planus,bullous pemphigoid,granuloma annulare and hypereosinophilic dermatitis.Conclusions Common disease categories of the skin biopsy samples in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were epidermal tumors,connective tissue diseases,melanocytic tumors,erythematous scaly pustular dermatoses,lichenoid dermatoses,and allergic or eczematous skin diseases.Poor consistency was observed between clinical and pathological diagnosis in some skin diseases,and understanding of these diseases should be improved.

Time Regularity of Morphology of Blood Pools / 法医学杂志

Objective To provide reference indexes and theoretical basis for age estimation of blood pools by investigating the entire drying process and monitoring the change of morphology and mass. Methods Four 15 mL blood pool samples were prepared on the clean ceramic plate. The change of morphology and mass of blood pools in a closed dark environment with a temperature of （20.0±0.5） ℃ and a humidity of 35%-45% were dynamically observed from 0 h to 60 h. Images of the blood pools were recorded by digital camera. The area of blood pools was calculated by MATLAB R2014b, the length of cracks was measured by Image J and the statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 16.0. Results By summarizing and analyzing, the drying of blood pools was divided into five stages： coagulation （0-4.5 h）, gelation （>4.5-20.0 h）, gel-solid mixing （>20.0-37.0 h）, solid （>37.0-40.0 h） and final desiccation （>40.0-45.0 h）. From 0 to 45 h, the mass of the blood pools decreased linearly with time, and the decrease was not obvious from 45.0 to 60.0 h. The standardized mass （y2） showed strong correlation with the time （x） y2=0.018 2 x+0.271 4（R2=0.967 9）. The area change rate of blood pools, the distance that the edge of blood pools moved, the average length of radical cracks had little correlation with the time that passed. Conclusion The overall morphological characteristics of blood pools show a certain regularity with the time and the standardized indexes established provide a reference for the age estimation of blood pools.

Mechanism of action of chemotherapy drugs in promoting liver injury / 临床肝胆病杂志

Drugs are an important cause of liver injury, and according to statistics, about 1100 drugs may induce liver injury. Due to the difficulty in differential diagnosis, drug-related liver injury is still misjudged. As different drugs have different mechanisms of action in inducing liver injury and may cause different degrees of liver injury, targeted countermeasures should be adopted. There are fewer systematic reviews of liver injury caused by chemotherapy drugs. This article mainly introduces the hepatotoxic mechanisms of various chemotherapy drugs, elaborates on the degree of hepatotoxicity caused by chemotherapy drugs, summarizes the clinical manifestations of liver injury caused by chemotherapy drugs, and gives recommendations to clinical treatment.

Relationship of TNF-α-308 gene polymorphism with susceptibility and severity of central venous catheter-related sepsis / 中华临床感染病杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship of TNF-αgene promoter 308 locus(TNF-α-308)polymorphism with the susceptibility and severity of central venous catheter-related sepsis(CRS). Methods One hundred and five CRS patients admitted in Kaihua People's Hospital from January 2015 to May 2017 were enrolled in the study.According to whether complicated with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS), they were divided into CRS complicated MODS group(n=34)and CRS non-MODS group(n=71).Meanwhile,210 patients with no catheter-related infection(case control group)and 105 healthy subjects(healthy control group)were also enrolled in the study.Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP)was used to genotype TNF-α-308, and the relationship of TNF-α-308 polymorphism with the susceptibility and severity of CRS was investigated.SPSS 16.0 was used to analyze the data.Results There were no significant differences in frequencies of GG, GA,AA genotypes and G,A allele of TNF-α-308 among CRS group,case control group and healthy control group(χ2=2.262 and 0.907,both P>0.05).Compared with CRS non-MODS group,case control group and healthy control group, the frequency of GG genotype was significantly lower and the frequencies of genotype GA and AA of TNF-α-308 were significantly higher in CRS MODS group(χ2=8.809,7.700 and 9.220,all P<0.05).Compared with CRS non-MODS group,case control group and healthy control group, the allele frequencies of G were significantly lower and allele frequency of A allele of TNF-α-308 was significantly higher in CRS MODS group(χ2=9.823, 8.624 and 7.654, all P<0.05).There were no significant differences in genotype frequency and allele frequencies of TNF-α-308(χ2=0.852 and 0.975, both P>0.05)among CRS non-MODS group and case control group,healthy control group(χ2=1.022 and 0.535,both P>0.05).The odds ratio of GA +AA genotype and A allele of TNF-α-308 in CRS MODS group were 2.664(95%CI 1.259-5.639)and 2.440(95%CI 1.326-4.490).Conclusion TNF-αgene promoter 308 locus polymorphism is not a predisposing factor for CRS, but may be associated with complication of MODS in CRS patients.

Effect of transurethral ureteroscopic holmiumlaser lithotripsy on ureteral calculi / 局解手术学杂志

Objective To explore the clinical effect of the transurethral ureteroscopic holmiumlaser lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculi.Methods This study conducted a retrospective analysis of 205 patients with ureteral calculi from September 2015 to June 2017 in the affiliated hospital of Panzhihua university.According to the surgical method,all the patients were divided into control group (102 cases) who were treated with conventional pneumatic lithotripsy and observation group(103cases) who received transurethral ureteroscopic holmiumlaser lithotripsy.The surgical efficacy,renal function indexes and surgical indexes of the two groups were compared and analyzed respectively.Results The total effective rate of observation group was 97.06％,the control group was 85.00％,the difference between two groups was significantly(P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in Cr and BUN level before surgery between two groups (P ＞ 0.05);after treatment,the Cr and BUN levels of two groups were improved significantly (P ＜ 0.05);while the renal function improved index of observation group was significantly better than that of control group,the difference was significant(P ＜ 0.05).The intraoperative blood loss,operative time and postoperative hospital stay of the observation group were significantly lower than those of control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The transurethral ureteroscopic holmiumlaser lithotripsy and normal air pressure ballistic were both well treatment for ureteral calculi,but patients with the holmium laser lithotripsy have better renal function indexes and operation index.

Study on the current status of smoking, intention of tobacco concession and related risk factors among 18-65-year olds patients with chronic diseases in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the status,attitude and related risk factors on smoking among 18-65 years old patients with hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma in Beijing.Methods Data was gathered from the 2014 Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease Surveillance Program.Multiple classified cluster sampling method was used and 19 815 participants aged 18-65 were sampled from 16 districts in Beijing.Results Among all the 18 405 participants,male hypertensive patients showed a higher rate on current smoking than the other groups (x2=17.695,P＜0.001).Male patients with dyslipidemia had higher current smoking rate than the other groups (x2=39.292,P＜0.001).However,female patients with COPD or with asthma showed higher rate on current smoking than the other groups (x2=6.276,P=0.012),(x2=8.245,P=0.004).Among the smokers,hypertensive patients presented lower rate (x2=20.487,P＜0.001) on intention of smoking concession,than the other groups.Patients with COPD showed greater intention in quitting smoking (x2=6.085,P=0.048),than the other groups.Male patients with diabetes (x2=9.219,P=0.010) or dyslipidemia (x2=13.513,P=0.001) who had stopped smoking tobacco appeared having higher rates in keeping the current status.Results from logistic regression analyses showed that smoking was the risk factor for hypertension (OR=1.17),dyslipidemia (OR=1.25),COPD (OR=1.78),and asthma (OR=1.57).Conclusions Patients with certain kinds of chronic diseases showed higher rate of current smoking and lower rate of quitting.Cigarette consumption appeared an important risk factor for patients with hypertension,dyslipidemia,COPD,or asthma in Beijing.

Study on the current status of smoking, intention of tobacco concession and related risk factors among 18-65-year olds patients with chronic diseases in Beijing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To understand the status,attitude and related risk factors on smoking among 18-65 years old patients with hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma in Beijing.Methods Data was gathered from the 2014 Beijing Non-communicable and Chronic Disease Surveillance Program.Multiple classified cluster sampling method was used and 19 815 participants aged 18-65 were sampled from 16 districts in Beijing.Results Among all the 18 405 participants,male hypertensive patients showed a higher rate on current smoking than the other groups (x2=17.695,P＜0.001).Male patients with dyslipidemia had higher current smoking rate than the other groups (x2=39.292,P＜0.001).However,female patients with COPD or with asthma showed higher rate on current smoking than the other groups (x2=6.276,P=0.012),(x2=8.245,P=0.004).Among the smokers,hypertensive patients presented lower rate (x2=20.487,P＜0.001) on intention of smoking concession,than the other groups.Patients with COPD showed greater intention in quitting smoking (x2=6.085,P=0.048),than the other groups.Male patients with diabetes (x2=9.219,P=0.010) or dyslipidemia (x2=13.513,P=0.001) who had stopped smoking tobacco appeared having higher rates in keeping the current status.Results from logistic regression analyses showed that smoking was the risk factor for hypertension (OR=1.17),dyslipidemia (OR=1.25),COPD (OR=1.78),and asthma (OR=1.57).Conclusions Patients with certain kinds of chronic diseases showed higher rate of current smoking and lower rate of quitting.Cigarette consumption appeared an important risk factor for patients with hypertension,dyslipidemia,COPD,or asthma in Beijing.