Associations of exposure to secondhand smoke with hypertension risk and blood pressure values in adults

BACKGROUND@#The effects of environmental chemical exposure on blood pressure (BP) have been confirmed, but the association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and hypertension risk and BP in the general population remains unknown.@*METHODS@#Cross-sectional associations between SHS exposure and hypertension risk and BP values were evaluated using data for subjects who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2016. Logistic regression and linear regression were performed after adjusting for age, sex, race, alcohol consumption, poverty-to-income ratio (PIR), body mass index (BMI), estimated glomerular filtration rate, physical activity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and NHANES cycle. Restricted cubic spline models were created to display the potential nonlinear association between SHS and BP levels.@*RESULTS@#Higher risk of hypertension was found at the highest SHS concentrations (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.04, 1.24, P for trend = 0.007). Additionally, SHS exposure had a strong positive association with systolic blood pressure (SBP) but was negatively associated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Furthermore, the nonlinear model result showed a significant association between SHS and SBP (P = 0.017); however, the nonlinear model result was not significant for SHS or DBP.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Our results suggest a potential association between high SHS exposure and the risk of hypertension. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

The therapeutic efficacy for limb ischemia by transplantation of mobilized peripheral blood cells before and after CD34+ cell depletion / 中华血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the mechanism of the therapeutic efficiency of mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) with and without CD34+ cell depletion in ischemia nude mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After femoral ligation of mice, 1 x 10(6) PBMNCs, CD34+ cell depletion PBMNCs, or PBS were intramuscularly injected into the ischemic limb. Blood perfusion, ischemia damage, and capillary density of the limb were observed. VEGF expression in ischemic limbs was assayed by ELISA and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PBMNCs transplant greatly improved the recovery of ischemic limbs. At day 28 after surgery, the blood perfusion rate of ischemic limbs recovered to (96.4 +/- 5.6)% from (20.3 +/- 4.2)% in PBMNCs transplanted group, compared with (71.3 +/- 4.4) % in PBS group (P <0.01). Depletion of CD34+ cells reduced the perfusion ratio to (83.8 +/- 5.2)% (P < 0.05). Capillary density in PBMNCs transplanted group was (521 +/- 47)/mm2, while in CD34+ cell-depleted group [ (396 +/- 21)/mm2] (P < 0.05). PBMNCs were found to incorporate into vascular network. VEGF was greatly up-regulated after transplantation of PBMNCs and was secreted in situ.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Transplantation of mobilized PBMNCs augments neovascularization in ischemic limb via supply of stem/progenitor cells and angiogenic factors. Depletion of CD34+ cells impaired therapeutic efficacy for limb ischemia.</p>

Neovascularization potential of mobilized peripheral mononuclear cells from diabetes patients / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To determine whether mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (M-PBMNCs) obtained from patients with diabetes was impaired in therapeutic neovascularization in limb ischemia, and to explore the pathological mechanisms of the impairment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) were cultured in EGM-2MV, and then characterized by uptake of 1, 1-dioctadecyl-3, 3, 3, 3-tetramethylindocarbocyanine-labeled acetylated low density lipoprotein (Dil-AcLDL) and binding of ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA). The number of EPC was compared between M-PBMNCs obtained from diabetic patients and those from normal subjects. M-PBMNCs obtained from diabetic patients, M-PBMNCs obtained from normal controls, or PBS were injected into the ischemic limbs of streptozotocin-induced diabetic nude mice. The limb blood perfusion was detected by laser Doppler blood perfusion imaging between these three groups in the following 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. Ambulatory score and ischemia damage were evaluated in the following 4 weeks. Capillary/fiber ratio was detected by CD31 or BS-1 lectin, and arteriole density was detected by alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMactin).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The number of EPC from diabetic patients were positively correlated with the blood perfusion (R = 0.486, P < 0.05) and capillary density (R = 0.491, P < 0.05), and the EPC number in diabetic patient were negatively correlation with their disease courses (R = - 0.587, P < 0.05). Transplantation of diabetic M-PBMNCs augmented the blood perfusion of ischemia hindlimbs, increased the capillary and arteriole densities, and promoted the collateral vessel formation. However, all the improvements were less significant in the diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic patients (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Diabetes decreased the capability of M-PBMNCs to augment neovascularization in ischemia.</p>