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Objective To compare the safety and efficacy between flexible ureteroscope lithtripsy (FURL) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in treating the renal calculus.Methods From Jan.2012 to Oct.2013,120 male and 87 female patients with renal calculus were accepted FURL (n =108)or PCNL (n=99) in our hospital.In FURL group,108 cases were classified according to the diameter of the stone,including 33 patients with the diameter of renal stone more than 20mm (range 20-39 mm,mean 29.2±5.6 mm)and 75 patients with the diameter of renal stone less than 20 mm (range 13-19 mm,mean 16.8± 1.3 mm).In PCNL group,99 cases were also classified according to the diameter of the stone,including 51 patients with the diameter of renal stone more than 20 mm (range 20-45 mm,mean 30.4±6.6 mm)and 48 patients with the diameter of renal stone less than 20 mm (range 14-19 mm,mean 17.2±1.4mm).There were no significant differences between the groups FURL and PCNL in the stone size(P＞0.05).Demographic data,operative duration,postoperative hospital stay,complication rate,and stone-free rate were recorded and compared.Results The overall stone free rate in group FURL was significantly lower 80.6％ (87/108) than that in group PCNL 91.9％ (91/99) (P＜0.05).In those patients with the diameter of stones less than 20 mm,the stone free rate was 88.0％ (66/75) in group FURL vs 93.8％ (45/48) in group PCNL (P＞0.05).The operative time was 30-65 (mean 49.5±6.9) min and 30-65 (mean 46.9±7.2) min in FURL and PCNL group,respectively (P＞0.05).In those patients with the diameter of stones more than 20 mm,the stone free rate was 63.6％ (21/33) in group FURL,which was lower than that in group PCNL 90.2％ (46/51) (P＜0.05).The operative time was 60-115 min (85.0±16.3) min and 30-95 min (68.3± 16.7) min in FURL and PCNL group,respectively (P＜0.05).The overall complication rate was significantly lower in group FURL 2.8％ (3/108) compared to group PCNL 8.1％ (8/99) (P＜0.05).Postoperative hospitalization stay were 2-6 d (3.5±1.4) d and 3-9 d (5.8±1.9) d in FURL and PCNL group,respectively (P＜0.05).Conclusions Both PCNL and FURS are efficacy and safe surgical alteration for patients with renal calculus.As to the FURS,its merits were faster recovery,less invasiveness than those in PCNL.Therefore,it can be considered as the first-line treatment for renal calculus ＜20 mm.However,for renal calculus ≥20 mm stones,FURS is still effective.
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Objective To investigate the changes of miR-301a and its host gene expression SKA2 in LNCaP prostate cancer xenografts in the castrated nude mice.Methods LNCaP cells were inoculated subcutaneously in nude mice to establish xenograft models of human prostate cancer.When the tumor volume grew to 200 mm3,the nude mice were randomly divided into the following 4 groups(n =6): 2 groups of nude mice to surgical castration,the other 2 groups of mice as control groups.The growth of those xnografts in nude mice was observed weekly and a growth curve of the xenografts was drawn.A point time during the process of tumor-regressing was selected when a group of castrated nude mice and a group of control mice were killed(the first time).The other 2 groups nude mice were continued to be observed.Another point time in the process of tumor re-growth,the rest castrated nude mice and control mice were killed(the second time).The tumors were weighted and the inhibitory rate was calculated.MiR-301a and SKA2 expression were detected by real-time PCR.Results The growth of the xenografts gradually decreased in LNCaP xenografts in nude mice after castration.After 13 days,the xenografls sizes decreased to(62.5 ±21.5)mm3 and tumor inhibitory rate was 59.8％(t =-3.895,P =0.018)in castration group of nude mice.At the 17th day after castration,tumor volume reached the minimum,and then gradually increased.At the 41st day after castration,tumor volumes in castration group increased to(364.5 ±97.3)mm3 and the tumor inhibitory rate was 62.2％(t =-7.017,P =0.002).MiR-301a and SKA2 in the first time of xenografts from the castrated group were both significantly lower than those of the control group(0.65-fold and 0.50-fold,respectively).However,their expressions in the second time of xenografts from the castrated group increased and were consistent with the control group(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Castration could turn prostate cancer xenografts from androgen-dependent into androgen-independent.There could be a close correlation between the characteristic of prostate cancer androgen-dependent and the expressions of miR-301 a and host gene SKA2.
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Objective To assess the effectiveness of tension-free vaginal tape obturator tape(TVT-O)as treatment of SUI by means of a systematic review and meta analysis.Methods Using the search terms"TVT,TVT-O,SUI,RCT,TOT",the literature in Chinese and English from January 2001 tO March 2007 on the difference of TVT and TVT-O was searched from MEDLINE,PUBMED,EMBASE,Google Scholar,CNKI,WAN FANG DATA,and criteria randomized controlled trials(RCTs)were studied by Meta-analysis in RevMan 4.2.At the same time,Ors of randomized model and fixed model were calculated tO evaluate the sensitivity.Results There were six RCTs that compared TVT-O with TVT.When compared by Subjective cure,TVT-O at 1-17 months were no better than TVT(OR 0.67;95% CI 0.40,1.13).Adverse events such as bladder injuries (OR 0.15;95% CI 0.03,0.66)was less common,where as groin/thigh pain(OR 8.61;95% CI3.03,24.52)was more common;but there were rio significant difference in de novo urgency(OR=1.16;95% CI 0.54,2.47),urinary retention(OR=0.54;95% CI 0.24,1.20)or urinary tract infection(OR=1.07;95% CI 0.61,1.87)between the tWO groups.Conclusions There is no significant difference between TVT and TVT-O.TVT-O group had no bladder injuries complications,but groin/thigh pain was more common.