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ObjectiveTo analyze the content and psychological measurement indicators of the commonly used motor function assessment tools for children and adolescents, based on the theory and method of International Classification of Function, Disability and Health-Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). MethodsBased on the ICF-CY classification framework and coding system, four commonly used functional evaluation tools for children and adolescents were selected, and their motor function measurement methods and psychological measurement indicators were analyzed by applying ICF coding rules and matching principles. ResultsFinally, nine English articles and two Chinese articles were included, from four countries including South Korea, Spain, China and Brazil. They were mainly published in the journals of clinical medicine, neuroscience, public health, rehabilitation science and other fields from 2011 to 2021. The age of the subjects was 0 to 16 years old involving 987 subjects; the health condition included spastic cerebral palsy, neurodevelopmental disorder, etc. Among the eleven articles included, six articles used Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM-88), two articles used Fine Motor Function Measure Scale (FMFM), two articles used Peabody Developmental Motor Scales Second Edition (PDMS-2), and two articles used Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Functional Skills Scale (PEDI-FSS), and three articles used Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). The measurement methods were objective evaluation, subjective evaluation, and subjective observation, etc. The number of measurements was two to six. The measurement indicators of motor function mainly involved two levels. The first was the physical activity level, including gross movement, fine movement and motor control ability. The second was the functional level of activities, mainly including activities of daily living and functional independence. ConclusionBased on ICF-CY, the evaluation of children's motor function and activity and participation was mainly divided into two levels. At the body function level, the main evaluation indicators included b730, b760, b770, etc. At the level of activities and participation, the main evaluation indicators were d410, d440, d445, etc. GMFM-88 focuses on the evaluation of children's body movement and activity functions, such as sitting, standing, lying, walking and running, mainly involving b760, d410, d455, etc. FMFM focused on autonomous movement, motor motivation and motor coordination, and was mainly used to assess the functional status of upper limbs of children with cerebral palsy aged 0 to 3 years, mainly involving b760, d155, d440, etc. PDMS-2 payed more attention to evaluating the overall motor development level and motor function status of children and adolescents, mainly involving b750, b760, d415, etc. PEDI-FSS move partition focused on children's actual motor function performance in activities of daily living, and evaluated the application and practicability of children's motor function in activities of daily living, mainly involving b760, d410, d450, etc. In terms of measurement methods, the measurement of motor function mainly included objective evaluation and subjective evaluation; the measurement of activity function mainly included objective evaluation and subjective observation. These assessment tools have established norms varies with different age groups according to the movement development. Evaluators need accept professional training before using the above assessment tools to improve the reliability, validity and adaptability of the assessment.
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ObjectiveTo construct a research framework for systematic review of health and functional outcomes of whole body vibration training in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy based on the theory and method of World Health Organization Family of International Health Classifications (WHO-FICs), and to systematically review the major health conditions and physical functions, intervention programs of whole body vibration training, and health and functional outcomes of vibration intervention in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. MethodsBased on the WHO-FICs method, the PICO architecture of systematic reviews was constructed, and the databases of CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Embase were searched to collect randomized controlled trials about the health and functional effects of whole body vibration training on children and adolescents with cerebral palsy from the establishment to September 30th, 2022, and a systematic review was conducted. ResultsEight articles, seven in English and one in Chinese, from five countries, were included, mainly from journals in clinical rehabilitation, neurorehabilitation, physical medicine and rehabilitation, etc., published mainly after 2010, involving 227 participants (three to 12.3 years old). The quality of the articles was evaluated using the Physical Therapy Evidence Database scale with a mean score of six. The ICD-11 codes included 08 diseases of the nervous system, 8D20 spastic cerebral palsy, 8D20.1 spastic bilateral cerebral palsy, 8D20.10 spastic quadriplegia cerebral palsy and 8D2Z unspecified cerebral palsy. The primary functioning of cerebral palsy was characterized as muscle spasticity, abnormal skeletal development, joint deformities and muscle weakness, decrease of selective motor control and gait abnormalities; for the activity and participation, the functioning included walking difficulties, decrease of mobility and weight loading, and low levels of physical activities. The main intervention was whole body vibration, in postures of lying, squatting or standing, mainly standing, in the mode of vertical vibration. The frequency was 5 to 30 Hz, and the amplitude was below 9 mm, three to five times a week for eight weeks to six months. The intervention settings include medical institutions, schools and families; mainly for therapeutics and recovery. The health and health-related outcomes were mainly involved s7 structures related to movement, b710 mobility of joint functions, b730 muscle power functions, b735 muscle tone functions, b760 control of voluntary movement functions, d410 changing basic body position, d415 maintaining a body position, d450 walking, d455 moving around, and d420 transferring oneself; such as improvements of neuromusculoskeletal and joint functions, muscle spasm, static balance, muscle strength, and control of movement, the control of body posture and walking, range of activities and self-care. ConclusionWhole body vibration training is effective on cerebral palsy, mainly in standing position, 5 to 30 Hz, and amplitude below 9 mm; three to five times a week for eight weeks to six months. The outcomes of whole body vibration training are mainly reflected in the improvement of body-motor functions, and activity and participation.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the injury risk of simplified 24-action Taiji Quan wild horse mane splitting practice at different postures with mechanical analysis. MethodsThe mechanical model of the action of Taiji Quan wild horse mane splitting was establishied, and then the coordinates, velocity, acceleration and horizontal angle of thigh and lower leg were determined by image analysis. The force arm of quadriceps femoris was detected by X-ray, and the quadriceps femoris tension, femoral tibial joint force and patellofemoral joint pressure of wild horse mane splitting practice with different postures were compared. ResultsCompared with the high posture, the coordination and velocity decreased, the average angle of knee joint decreased from 128° to 115° at the low posture; and the knee moment, the quadriceps femoris tension, femoral tibial joint force and patellofemoral joint pressure significantly increased (F > 37.187, P < 0.001). ConclusionWhen practicing Taiji Quan wild horse mane splitting, the risk of knee injury at the low posture is higher than that at high posture.
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The establishment and realization of the VPP calucation's model for the functional analytic theory are discussed in this paper. Functional analyzing method is a theoretical model of the VPP calculation which can eliminate the influence of the sail and board's size skillfully, so it can be regarded as a brief standard of the sailboard's VPP results. As a brief watery dynamical model, resistance on board can be regarded as a direct proportion to the square of the boat-velocity. The boat-velocities at the state of six wind-velocities (3 m/s-8 m/s) with angles of 25°-180° are obtained by calculating, which provides an important gist of the sailing-route's selection in upwind-sailing.
RESUMO
The establishment and realization of the VPP calucation's model for the functional analytic theory are discussed in this paper. Functional analyzing method is a theoretical model of the VPP calculation which can eliminate the influence of the sail and board's size skillfully, so it can be regarded as a brief standard of the sailboard's VPP results. As a brief watery dynamical model, resistance on board can be regarded as a direct proportion to the square of the boat-velocity. The boat-velocities at the state of six wind-velocities (3 m/s-8 m/s) with angles of 25°-180° are obtained by calculating, which provides an important gist of the sailing-route's selection in upwind-sailing.