RESUMO
Background: The current estimates of energy and protein to bridge nutrient gap in the beneficiaries of the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) supplementary nutrition program use sub-optimal methodology for deficit calculation. Objective: To estimate the nutrient deficit and the risk of inadequate nutrient intake in beneficiaries of the ICDS, aged 6-36 months, using individual 24-hour diet recalls, from districts of Chitradurga and Davanagere in Karnataka. Study design: Cross-sectional design. Participants: Children (aged 6 to 36 months) registered as beneficiaries of the ICDS in these districts. Methods: Data were collected on socio-demographic factors, child feeding patterns, perception and usage of take home ration (THR), between August to October, 2019. Three non-consecutive days’ 24-hour diet recall data of children were obtained from mothers, and anthropometric measurements were taken. The proportion of children at risk of inadequate nutrient intakes was estimated using the probability approach. Assuming that 50% of a healthy population will be at risk of nutrient inadequacy such that intake and requirement distributions overlap, the proportion at actual risk of nutrient inadequacy (?50%) was calculated. Results: A combined district analysis showed a median energy deficit of 109 kcal and 161 kcal in children belonging to the age groups of 6-12 month and 13-36 month, respectively. The actual risk of inadequate intake for both age groups ranged between 12- 47% for fat and other micronutrient (iron, calcium, zinc, folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin A), despite breastfeeding, complementary feeding and reported THR use. Conclusion: Children who receive supplementary nutrition as part of the national program fail to meet their nutrient requirements that are essential for growth and development. The study results may help in strengthening the IYCF counselling and in modification of the existing THR, with quality and cost implications.
RESUMO
Background: Varicose veins are common. The prevalence has been variously reported from as little as 2% to over 20% in population studies. Management of varicose vein disease has changed drastically over the past decades. Since its introduction, surgery has gone through several stages of evolution until the method of ligation with stripping eventually became and remained the standard for a long time. The objective was to study the effect on Saphenous vein space packing in conventional varicose vein surgery on intra-operative bleeding and post-operative patient recovery.Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in JSS Hospital, Mysuru from August 2016 to October 2018. A total of 60 patients were selected for the purpose of the study based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The patient was passed on post operative day 2, 4, 7 and 30. The study population was divided into 2 groups, Group 1: 30 patients undergoing varicose vein surgery with packing and Group 2: 30 patients undergoing traditional varicose vein surgery without packing.Results: On pre-operative evaluation of GSV diameter, the mean diameter was found to be 8.20±2.3 mm in the conventional group and 7.30±1.82 mm in vein packing technique. The pain was found to be more in conventional group than Saphenous vein packing technique and score was found to statistically significant between the two groups on day 2 and 4.Conclusions: Saphenous vein space packing is an easy, economical and effective way of reducing post-operative pain in conventional varicose vein surgery.