Retrieval of a separated file using Masserann technique: a case report.

The separated instrument particularly a broken file leads to metallic obstruction, in the root canal and blocks thorough cleaning and shaping procedure. When attempts of bypassing such a fragment go in vain, it should be retrieved by mechanical devices. Masserann Kit is one such device for orthograde removal of intracanal metallic obstructions. This clinical case demonstrates usage of Masserann technique in successful retrieval of a separated file which was tightly binding in the apical 3rd root canal dentin of maxillary left lateral incisor.

Anatomical variation of maxillary sinus mimicking a periapical cyst: a case report.

Maxillary sinus can pose diagnostic dilemma radiographically because of its anatomical variation which can mimic a periapical pathosis. This case report deals with one such diagnostic problem, where a maxillary sinus was interpreted in an intraoral periapical radiograph as a periapical cyst. With the advances in imaging techniques, the use of an Ultrasound imaging together with application of Colour Power Doppler helped in revealing the contents of the radiolucent area and come up with an accurate diagnosis. Thus a thorough knowledge about the normal anatomy and its variations and proper diagnostic aids are essential in the diagnosis of periapical pathology.

Prolonged release biodegradable vesicular carriers for rifampicin--formulation and kinetics of release.

An attempt has been made to design suitable liposome and niosome-encapsulated drug delivery system for rifampicin and evaluated the same in vitro and in vivo. A modified lipid layer hydration method was employed to prepare these vesicular carriers. The formulated systems were characterized in vitro for size distribution analysis, drug entrapment, drug release profiles and vesicular stability at different conditions of storage. In vivo drug kinetics was evaluated in normal, healthy albino rats for niosomal formulation upon subcutaneous injection and various pharmacokinetic parameters were determined. Niosomes and liposomes exhibited mean diameter of 9.73 and 11.87 microns with entrapment efficiencies of 30.5 and 34.2% respectively. Both the products exhibited sustained release characteristics in vitro with zero order drug release kinetics up to initial 10 hr. Stability evaluation indicated that both formulations were not significantly leaky over a period of one month. Niosomal formulation elevated plasma elimination half life and decreased elimination rate constants for rifampicin in vivo suggested that encapsulation retarded the removal of the drug from circulation compared to free drug due to slow drug release into systemic circulation. A five-fold increase in the area under plasma rifampicin concentration-time curve for niosomal rifampicin as compared to free drug indicated better bioavailability of encapsulated drug. It is evident from this study that niosomes and liposomes could be promising delivery systems for rifampicin with prolonged drug release profiles and reasonably good stability characteristics.

A comparative evaluation of apical linear dye penetration of Glass ionomer based sealers with conventional root canal sealers. An in vitro study.

This study was done to evaluate the clinical practicality of a new Water mixable Glass ionomer root canal sealer with conventional type 11a Glass ionomer cement, if used as a sealer, along with Zinc oxide Eugenol and Calcium Hydroxide containing sealers. Forty freshly extracted single rooted Maxillary incisors were selected for the study. Ten teeth were assigned for each sealer group. Access cavity was prepared, wording length determined, modified step-back preparation and obturation of the root canal done with lateral condensation technique. Assigned groups were Group 1--Type 11a Glass ionomer cement, Group 11--Mixed Tubliseal, Group 111--Mixed Sealapex, Group IV--Endion. Micro leakage Values were assessed by the amount of linear dye penetration in to the apical pulp space. Statistical analysis was done with one way analysis (ANOVA), using Fisher's 'F' test and students unpaired 't' test. Seal apex exhibited the least micro leakage value and found to be the best sealer among the four sealer groups.

Modification of glass ionomer cements.

Glass Ionomer cement (the term was coined by B.E. Kent) has been described as a hybrid of silicate cements and zinc polycarboxylates. Scientific efforts were devoted to improving properties to make it a fully practical material for anterior and posterior restorations and secondarily properties were modified to extend its range of application. First half of 90's witnessed modifications that replace part or most of the original formulation with alternative filler particles or matrix setting reactions to make these materials more composite like. This article focuses on the various modifications of the basic Glass ionomer cement.

Application of glass ionomer cements in restorative dentistry.

Dentistry was marked with radical changes in clinical restorative procedures. If the inherent characteristic of the ionomer cement was examined, it becomes very clear to the researcher as well as the dentist, that no other material has had an impact as comparable to glass ionomer cements on restorative dentistry. This scientific paper highlights the clinical applications of the cement in restorative dentistry. Glass ionomer cements are bioactive, by forming permanent adhesive bonds to dentin and enamel which enables them to prevent the development of secondary caries by providing an impermeable seal against the intrusion of oral fluids and other caries producing agents. The hydrophilic nature of the cement also makes them susceptible to the action of aqueous fluids before they are fully set, requiring that the freshly placed restoration be protected by varish, petroleum jelly or a low viscosity photo polymerizing bonding agent.