Detection of Coronary Artery Diseases: Comparative Study of Multidetector Computed Tomography Angiogram (64 slice scanner) and Conventional Angiogram.

Methods: It was cross sectional comparative study conducted in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Total 80 patients were included in the study who underwent MDCT and coronary angiogram. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy or efficacy for single vessel disease were 87.5%, 96.4%, 91.3%, 94.7% and 93.75% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy or efficacy for double vessel disease were 84.0%, 94.5%, 87.5%, 92.85% and 91.25% respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy or efficacy for triple vessel disease were 69.5%, 91.22%, 76.19%, 88.13% and 85.0% respectively. Conclusion: Coronary angiography is a promising technology that already appears to have high performance to assess patient base, vessel base and segment base sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy in detecting coronary artery stenosis.

Clinical Presentation, Histological Findings and Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Patients of Gastric Carcinoma.

Carcinoma stomach is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide. This study was undertaken to determine the clinical and pathological profile of carcinoma stomach in Bangladesh and to find out the prevalence of H. pylori infection in carcinoma stomach subjects. Patients with carcinoma stomach confirmed on histopathology were included in the study. Data were recorded regarding demography, clinical features, blood group of the patients, location and macroscopic type of the cancer at endoscopy. Three to five biopsies from non-necrosed region and two paired biopsies from non-cancerous part of stomach were taken. One piece of each paired specimen was placed in the urea-agar media for CLO test and the other piece was used for histological examination. Out of 50 patients, 64% were male and 36% were female. The mean age was 51.05±14.98 years. Common presenting complains were dyspepsia/ abdominal pain, vomiting and dysphagia; abdominal mass, metastatic lymph node and ascites were predominant signs. About one third (34%) patients had blood group A. About 50% cancer was located in antrum followed by antrum and body (24%), then body (18%), fundus and body (4%) and fundus (4%). In 56% cases the lesion was ulcerative followed by polypoid (34%) and ulceroinfiltrative (10%). Histopathologically 52% was intestinal type, 28 % was diffuse type 20% was poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The prevalence of H. pylori in overall carcinoma stomach cases was 60% but individually in intestinal type 88%, in diffuse type 57% and in poorly differentiated type 50%.

Role of selected simple non-invasive laboratory investigations in assessing functional abdominal pain in children aged 5-15 years in Khartoum, Sudan

To determine simple laboratory test in children with functional abdominal pain, to compare this test in those with functional abdominal pain in normal children and to try to search for its cause if any, and to determine the symptoms and signs of the disease. This study was carried out over a period of 3 years, from March 2007 to February 2010 at Gaffar Ibn Auf Specialized Hospital for Children, Khartoum, Sudan. The study was conducted to determine role of simple investigations for functional abdominal pain [FAP] in a group of 35 children with abdominal pain and compared it to the control group [42 children] with an age range of 4-15 years. The results showed no parasitic, no urinary track infection, no Helicobacter pylori infection association with functional abdominal pain. However, gender, socioeconomic status, weight >50th centile had a significant association with functional abdominal pain. Functional abdominal pain is very confusing and puzzling condition to doctors, parents, and patients. Establishment of centers for medical education regarding this cause of abdominal pain is needed

An update on the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh.

The National AIDS Committee was formed in 1985 to develop and support policies that prevent transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In 1990, the Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research in the Ministry of Health began sero-surveillance for AIDS/HIV infection. Convenience sampling was conducted among prisoners, sailors, truckers, antenatal attendees, repatriated Bangladeshi workers, and brothel-based prostitutes in Dhaka. In 1994, commercial sex workers in other high-risk areas were included in surveillance activities. Among over 75,700 HIV tests through 1998, 119 have been confirmed positive for HIV. While the cumulative HIV prevalence rate was only 1.5/1,000 tests, it was significantly higher among men (p < 0.0001) than among women. The rates among men were as high as 28/1,000 tests in 1996 and 21/1,000 tests in 1997. Almost 50% of the reported HIV cases are from cities on the border of India and Myanmar. It is anticipated that HIV transmission will increase further given the high prevalence of risk behaviors, core high-risk groups, and extreme poverty.