RESUMO
Plants have provided sources to find novel compounds. These plants are being used as therapeutic purposes since the birth of mankind. The traditional healers normally utilize medicinal plants as crude drugs while scientists using the folk claim as guides to explore medicinal plants. Moringa oleifera is a famous edible plant having therapeutic and nutritive values. The present study was designed to cumulate the research data regarding to what extent, phytochemical, nutritional and glycemic control studies has been explored using its different extracts. The articles indicated that the powder, aqueous, methanol and ethanol extracts of Moringa oleifera (leaves, pods, seeds, stem and root bark) have significant therapeutic herbal potential to treat diabetes mellitus. Collectively, the mechanism behind is intestinal glucose inhibition, insulin release as well as decrease in insulin resistance probably regeneration of β-cells of pancreas, increase in glutathione and reduction in malondialdehyde. Conclusively, this article give descriptive information about antidiabetic effect, claimed marker compounds and proposed antihyperglycemic mechanism of a single plant. It can be suggested a potential herbal source to treat diabetes mellitus as being widely accepted by major population as nutrition and therapeutic agent.
RESUMO
This study reports on 124 cases of thyroid disorders from Peshawar treated with radioiodine during 2008. The aim of this study was to analyze the cancer registry record of patients from the district of Peshawar in order to obtain an insight about thyroid disorders for use in proposrng future health plans. The patient data has been collected from the Institute of Radiotherapy and Nuclear Medicine [IRNUM] Peshawar. Patients with thyroid disorders were confirmed by clinical examination, thyroid scintigraphy [Thyroid scan], blood tests [T[3], T[4], TSH] and histopathalogy tests and then treated with radioiodine. Of all 124 patients with thyroid disorders [Median age; 45.5 years. Range: 16-77 years] 20% were male and 80% were female. The final diagnosis was Toxic Multi Nodular Goiter [TMNG] in 56 [45.1%] cases, Diffuse Toxic Goiter [DTG] in 30 [24.2%] cases, Thyrotoxicosis in 14 [11.3%] cases while 7 [5.7%] patient showed thyroid carcinoma. All these patients were treated with radioiodine. For females, the most affected age group was 11-40 years with 31.3% cases of the total female cases followed by 21-30 age groups. No strict predominance has been observed in any age group of males. This preliminary study will provide an insight to the thyroid disorders and its treatment with radioiodine in Peshawar. Insufficient health care facilities, poor educational market [especially] in the rural areas are the most important probable factors leading to thyroid disorders. This study may be used as a base line for future planning strategies for improving the health standards in Peshawar