Long-term effect of ciprofloxacin on testicular tissue: evidence for biochemical and histochemical changes

This research studied the effect of ciprofloxacin [CPFX] on spermatogenesis. We aimed to estimate the effect of CPFX on serum levels of testosterone, LH and FSH. In this experimental study, a total of 24 mice were assigned to controlsham and test groups. We subdivided the test group into low [206 mg/kg] and high [412 mg/kg] dose CPFX groups. Control-sham animals received carboxymethyl cellulose [CMC]. All animals were treated orally for 45 days. Cytoplasmic carbohydrate, lipid accumulation, cytoplasmic lipase and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] ratios were examined. Serum levels of luteinizing hormone [LH], follicle stimulating hormone [FSH ] and testosterone were measured in the control and test groups. The spermatogenesis cell series exhibited low numbers of cells with periodic acid Schiff [PAS]-positive cytoplasm and higher numbers of cells with lipid-positive foci. The tissue to ALP ratio and germinal epithelium [GE] lipase synthesis increased in CPFX-treated animals. In contrast to the CPFX groups, control animals showed normal cytoplasmic carbohydrate, lipid, lipase and ALP ratios in all cellular layers. In the CPFX-treated groups there was a significantly lower serum testosterone level compared with the control group. The serum levels of FSH and LH in high dosetreated animals decreased. Our results suggest that following long time CPFX administration major alterations occur in GE intracytoplasmic biochemistry, which may lead to loss of physiological function and ultimately result in fertility problems. CPFX is able to imbalance serum levels of gonadotropins and testosterone levels by affecting Leydig cells

Molecular analysis of the S1 gene of vaccine strains of infectious bronchitis virus using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism

Infectious bronchitis virus [IBV] is an acute and contagious viral disease of poultry that affects different systems, including the respiratory tract in particular. IBV causes major economic losses in the poultry industry globally. Due to antigenic variation of the causative agent, control of the disease is difficult. To control the disease, many vaccines that belong to different serotypes are being used in many countries, including Iran. In the present study, the S1 genes of six different IBV vaccines were analyzed. The S1 genes of IBV vaccine strains were amplified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] and the resultant PCR products were purified. Purified PCR products were digested separately with the restriction endonuclease, AluI. The generated restriction endonuclease fragment length polymorphism [RFLP] patterns of the S1 gene of IBV vaccine strains were compared. The results showed that the construction of a library of RFLP patterns of the S1 gene of vaccine strains in use is beneficial. The library has the potential for use as a quick and inexpensive method for determining the genotype of future outbreaks of IBV and also assesses the degree of their similarity to the strains for which vaccines exist