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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the separation and purification technology of total saponins from the root of Thladiantha dubia (TSTR). METHODS: The content of TSTR was determined by UV-visible spectrophotometry. By comparing static adsorption and desorption properties of different types (AB-8, D101, DM130, HPD100, HPD300, HPD450, HPD600, HPD826, NKA-9) of macroporous adsorption resin, the type of macroporous adsorption resin was screened. With the content of TSTR as the index, influential factors of macroporous adsorption resin for adsorbing (ratio of height to diameter of resin, mass concentration of medicine liquid, adsorption volume flow, saturated extent of adsorption) and desorbing (desorption solvent volume fraction, desorption solvent volume flow, volume of desorbed solvent) TSTR were investigated. The optimal technology was screened. The technology validation, purification and preparation were conducted. RESULTS: HPD100 type macroporous adsorption resin had good adsorption and desorption properties for TSTR. The optimal adsorption technology was that the ratio of the height to diameter of the resin column was 1:5; mass concentration of medicine liquid was 1 g/mL; adsorption volume flow rate was 1 BV/h; saturated adsorption capacity was 1. 25 g per 1 g HPD100 resin; the optimal desorption technology was that the volume fraction of desorption solvent ethanol was 75％; volume flow rate of desorption was 3 BV/h; the volume of desorption solvent was 5 BV. The average desorption retention rate of TSTR was 77. 96％ in technology validation (RSD=0. 46％, n=3) and the purity of prepared TSTR in TSTR dry cream was 52. 47％ (RSD =1. 53％, n=3). CONCLUSIONS: The optimal purification technology is stable, feasible and suitable for the separation and purification of TSTR.
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OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of total saponins of Man medicine Thladiantha dubia root(TSTR)on the ex-pressions of CD3+,CD4+and CD8+ in spleen tissue of rats with type Ⅱ collagen-induced arthritis (CIA),and explore its mecha-nism in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA). METHODS:8 rats were taken as normal control group(NC group),the others 72 rats were injected mixture of bovine type Ⅱ collagen and Freund's complete adjuvant in tail and back to induce CIA model. The 50 modeled rats were randomly divided into model group(MC group),tripterygium polyglycoside(TG)group(12 mg/kg,posi-tive control),TSTR low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups (20,40,80 mg/kg),10 in each group. Rats in medicine groups were intragastrically administrated for 35 d,once a day;rats in NC group and MC group were intragastrically administrated equal volume of distilled water. Ankle swelling degree of rats was determined,arthritis indexes were calculated,HE staining was used to observe the lesions in synovial tissue,and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expressions of CD3+,CD4+,CD8+ in spleen tissue of rats. RESULTS:After 35 d of administration,ankle swelling degree,arthritis indexes,CD4+ expression in spleen tissue,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in MC group were significantly higher than NC group (P<0.05 or P<0.01),expressions of CD3+, CD8+were significantly lower than NC group(P<0.05);and there was congestion and massive inflammatory cell infiltration in sy-novial tissue. The ankle swelling degree,arthritis indexes,expression of CD4+ in spleen tissue,and CD4+/CD8+ ratio in administra-tion groups were significantly lower than MC group(P<0.05);the expressions of CD3+,CD8+ in spleen tissue in administration groups were significantly higher than MC group (P<0.05);TG group,TSTR medium-dose and high-dose groups showed mild congestion and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration in synovial tissue of rats,and TSTR low-dose group showed no ob-vious congestion or inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS:Up-regulating the expressions of CD3+,CD8+ and down-regu-lating the expression of CD4+ may be one of the mechanisms of TSTR in the treatment of RA;and with best efficacy when the TSTR dose of 20 mg/kg.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study DNA damage of three kinds of gasoline oxygenates.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Single cell gel electrophoresis assay(Comet assay) was used to detect the damage effects of three gasoline oxygenates[methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethanol anhydrous(EA) and dimethyl carbonate(DMC)] on DNA in L-929 mice fibroblasts.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In certain concentation(37.500-150.000 mg/ml), MTBE could directly cause DNA damage of L-929 mice fibroblasts. There was obvious dose-effect relationship, i.e. when the concentration of MTBE was increased from 9.375 to 150.000 mg/ml, the comet rate also increased from 4% to 85%, and the length of comet tail changed correspondingly. The results of EA and DMC were negative.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Under the condition of this experiment(150.000 mg/ml), MTBE could directly cause DNA damage while the effect of EA and DMC on DNA damage was not found.</p>
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Animais , Camundongos , Ensaio Cometa , Dano ao DNA , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etanol , Toxicidade , Fibroblastos , Formiatos , Toxicidade , Éteres Metílicos , ToxicidadeRESUMO
Objective To assess the effects of three way catalytic converter on the health risk of benzene series.Methods After collecting the benzene series(benzene,toluene,xylene) in the air inlet and air outlet of the three way catalytic converser in 100% working loads,their health risk was assessed with the methods of health risk assessment.Results After catalysis,the hazard index of toluene and xylene decreased in all loads,the hazard index and carcinogenesis risk of benzene increased in 100% loads,the chronic long-term hazard index of benzene deceased in 100% loads.Conclusion The three way catalytic converter can change the health risk of benzene series emission by gasoline engine,the carcinogenesis risk of benzene series emission will be increased when the gasoline is treated with the three way catalytic converter.
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Objective To study the estrogenic effect of organic extracts of effluent samples from different treatment stages in Tianjin reclaimed water treatment plant. Methods Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of target compounds from water samples. Then, a simplified proliferation test with human estrogen receptor-positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell and recombined yeast assay were applied to assess the estrogenic effect in effluent samples from different treatment stages in Tianjin reclaimed water treatment plant. Results The amount of extracts of reclaimed water inducing the maximum effect in cell proliferation assay was equal to that from 1.00 ml primary water. In recombined yeast assay, the amount of extracts of reclaimed water inducing maximum ?-galactosidase activity was equal to that from 20.00 ml primary water. Conclusion The effluent of reclaimed water treatment plant still shows estrogenic effect though slightly reduced.
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Objective To evaluate the safety of the levels of fluoride,arsenic and lead in toothpaste and the microbiological index of the toothpaste saled in Tianjin. Methods 60 tubes of toothpaste were sampled from the department stores and shops in Tianjin. The toothpaste samples included 14 tubes of commen toothpaste,18 tubes of medicated toothpaste,28 tubes of toothpaste blended with fluoride. Among 28 tubes of fluoride-adding toothpaste,6 tubes were specially used for children,19 tubes were domestic products for adults,3 tubes were imported for adults. All of the domestic toothpaste sampled were made in more than 10 cities and privinces such as: Tianjin,Beijing,Shanghai,Guangdong,etc. The levels of fluoride in toothpaste were determined by ion selective electrode,arsenic and lead were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy,the microbiological indexes were determined based on GB8372-1995 (toothpaste?雪. Results The contentes of soluble fluoride were 539-877 mg/kg for 5 tubes of fluoride-adding toothpaste used for children, 1 582-1 697 mg/kg for 3 tubes of domestic fluoride-adding toothpaste used for adults. The content of lead in an tubes of imported toothpaste was as high as 43.09 mg/kg,2.9 time the value of the national standard. The total count of bacteria,the count of fecal coliform,Paeruginosa,Staph aureus in 52 tubes of toothpaste sampled met the requirement of the related national standards. Conclusion The sanitary quality of 60 tubes of toothpaste sampled for this study saled in Tianjin was qualified in general,but very few had the sanitary problems in the aspects of fluoride excess in domestic fluoride-adding toothpaste and lead excess in imported toothpaste.
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Objective To understand the expression of heat shock protein(HSP70)mRNA induced by chlorpyrifos in the hepatic tissue of rats.Methods Wistar rats aged 6 weeks were divided into 4 groups,12 in each including 6 male and 6 female,the rats in the experimental groups were treated with chlorpyrifos by gavage once a day at the doses of 17 mg/kg?bw,8.5 mg/kg?bw and 4.25 mg/kg?bw respectively for 14 consecutive days,one group was the negative control.After the exposure,the hepatic tissue was sampled to examine the expression of HSP70 mRNA by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).Results The expression of HSP70 mRNA in the hepatic tissue in the groups of 17 mg/kg?bw,8.5 mg/kg.bw was significantly up-regulated with a dose-response relationship compared with the negative control group.Conclusion The expression of HSP70 mRNA is a sensitive parameter for early exposure assessment of chlorpyrifos.
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Objective To study the mutagenic effect of reclaimed water in Tianjin. Methods Reverse phase C-18 solid-phase extraction (RP-C18SPE) was used for the extraction of target compounds from water samples. Ames test was used to detect mutation. Results PAHs were detected in both low-water and high-water period,including fluorene,phenanthrene,naphthalene,acenaphthylene and acenaphthene. In the high-water period, the total concentration of 16 kinds of PAHs was 1 777.9 ng/L and 1 380.1 ng/L in untreated reclaimed water and treated reclaimed water respectively, in the low-water period,it was 2 225.1 ng/L and 1 827.1 ng/L respectively. Ames test showed that both untreated reclaimed water and treated reclaimed water could induce mutation of TA98 and TA100 strains with a dose-response relationship. Conclusion The reclaimed water used in Tianjin still contains PAHs of a certain level, which have mutagenic effect.