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ObjectiveTo explore the possible peripheral analgesic mechanism of electroacupuncture （EA） at promimal and distal acupoints in treatment of myofascial pain syndrome （MPS）. MethodsTwenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into blank group， model group， proximal group， and distal group， with six rats in each group. MPS model was prepared by “strike combined with centrifugal exercise” in all groups except for the blank group. After modeling， the rats in the proximal group received EA at the local myofascial trigger points （MTrPs）， namely the Ashi points， with dilatational waves of frequency of 2/100 HZ and voltage of 2-4 V， current intensity depending on a slight trembling of the left lower limbs， once a day， 15min each time，for 14 days. The rats in the distal group received EA at “Yanglingquan” （GB 34） and “Yinlingquan” （SP 9）， with the same operations as the proximal group. The rats in the blank group and the model group were only grasped and hedged， without other interventions. After intervention， the paw withdrawl mechanical threshold （PWMT） was measured， and variability between the left and right hind paws was calculated. Musculoskeletal ultrasound imaging and electromyography monitoring were performed on the left lower extremity vastus medialis. The morphological changes of vastus medialis muscle of the left lower extremity were observed by HE staining. The positive expression of substance P （SP）， calcitonin gene-related peptide （CGRP）， CD68 and CD206 in muscle tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Abdominal aortic serum interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-10 （IL-10）， and interleukin-8 （interleukin-8） were detected by ELISA. ResultsCompared to those in the blank group， the fibers of the vastus medial muscle of the rats in the model group were broken and distorted with thickness in variation， and the myofascia was broken， with fibrillation potential， enlarged muscle cells， inward moved nucleus， and widened muscle space； the variability of PWMT between the left and right hind paws significantly increased， as well as the levels of SP， CGRP， CD68， and CD206 in the vastus medialis muscle （P＜0.01）， and the serum IL-8 and TNF-αlevels were significantly elevated （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. Compared to those in the model group， the muscle fibers in the proximal and distal group were complete in shape and arranged in an orderly manner， with continued non-broken myofascia， regular shape of muscle cells， and significantly reduced level of IL-8 （P＜0.01）； the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous discharge in the proximal group significantly decreased， as well as the variability of PWMT between the left and right hind paws， and the levels of SP， CGRP， and CD68 in the vastus medialis muscle， while the CD206 level increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ）； there was complex discharges in the distal group， with significantly decreased level of CD68 in the vastus medialis muscle and increased level of CD206 （P＜0.01）. Compared to the proximal group， the level of IL-8 in the distal group was significantly higher （P＜0.05）. ConclusionsEA at proximal acupoints can significantly improve the pain threshold and local muscle tissue morpho-logy in rats， and its mechanism may be related to reducing the levels of pain-causing substances and related inflammatory factors and promoting the polarization of macrophages. The analgesic effect of EA at distal acupoints is not obvious， and the mechanism is still unclear.
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Objective@#Schizophrenia (SCZ) is one of the most common and severe mental disorders. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is the most effective therapy for all kinds of SCZ, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study is aim to detect the molecule mechanism by constructing the transcriptome dataset from SCZ patients treated with MECT and health controls (HCs). @*Methods@#Transcriptome sequencing was performed on blood samples of 8 SCZ (BECT: before MECT; AECT: after MECT) and 8 HCs, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the different expression genes, enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis were used to detect the related pathways. @*Results@#Three gene modules (black, blue and turquoise) were significantly associated with MECT, enrichment analysis found that the long-term potentiation pathway was associated with MECT. PPI enrichment p-value of black, blue, turquoise module are 0.00127, <1×10-16 and 1.09×10-13, respectively. At the same time, EP300 is a key node in the PPI for genes in black module, which got from the transcriptome sequencing data. @*Conclusion@#It is suggested that the long-term potentiation pathways were associated with biological mechanism of MECT.
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Objective@#Schizophrenia (SCZ) is one of the most common and severe mental disorders. Modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) is the most effective therapy for all kinds of SCZ, and the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. This study is aim to detect the molecule mechanism by constructing the transcriptome dataset from SCZ patients treated with MECT and health controls (HCs). @*Methods@#Transcriptome sequencing was performed on blood samples of 8 SCZ (BECT: before MECT; AECT: after MECT) and 8 HCs, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to cluster the different expression genes, enrichment and protein-protein interaction (PPI) enrichment analysis were used to detect the related pathways. @*Results@#Three gene modules (black, blue and turquoise) were significantly associated with MECT, enrichment analysis found that the long-term potentiation pathway was associated with MECT. PPI enrichment p-value of black, blue, turquoise module are 0.00127, <1×10-16 and 1.09×10-13, respectively. At the same time, EP300 is a key node in the PPI for genes in black module, which got from the transcriptome sequencing data. @*Conclusion@#It is suggested that the long-term potentiation pathways were associated with biological mechanism of MECT.
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Objective:To explore the mediating effects of self-control and rumination between neuroticism and insomnia in college students.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 767 college students from a university in Sichuan province with Chinese big five personality inventory-15, insomnia severity index, ruminative responses scale, and self-control scale.Results:The prevalence of insomnia was 36.6% among college students.The scores of neuroticism (9.63±3.41), rumination (22.27±5.44) and ISI (6.61±4.28) were positively correlated with each other ( r=0.281-0.389, P<0.01), while each of them was negatively correlated ( r=-0.453--0.194, all P<0.01) with self-control (60.71±9.41). Analysis of mediating effects revealed that neuroticism not only directly affected insomnia, but also indirectly affected insomnia through the mediating effects of rumination and self-control respectively. Conclusion:Self-control and rumination have mediating effects between neuroticism and insomnia in college students.
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Objective:To investigate the improvement and possible mechanism of dl-3-n-butylphthalide (NBP) on the emotional memory of chronic alcoholism model mice.Methods:Twenty-four adult male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into control group (CON, n=8), model group (AT, n=8), treatment group (AT+ NBP, n=8). Mice in AT group and AT+ NBP group were administrated with alcohol to establish chronic alcoholism model. In the AT+ NBP group, the mice was administrated with NBP (40 mg/kg) by gavage once a day for 14 days during the alcohol modeling period. Ang the mice in AT group and CON group was given the same dose of corn oil by gavage.Open field test was used to evaluate anxiety-like behavior, tail suspension test to evaluate depression-like behavior, Morris water maze and new object recognition to evaluate memory ability, and TUNEL staining to evaluate the number of neuron apoptosis. The primary cultured neurons were interfered by alcohol and NBP at the cell level, and the calcium concentration in the neurons was detected by fluorescence calcium imaging. Descriptive analysis, t-test and one-way ANOVA were processed by SPSS 17.0. Results:The results of open field test showed that the exploration time of AT+ NBP group was longer than that of AT group ((50.68±7.82)s, (38.50±13.93)s; t=-2.16, P<0.05)). In the spatial memory test, the target quadrant exploration time of AT+ NBP group was longer than that of AT group ((28.02±7.13)s, (20.98±5.58)s; t=-2.20, P<0.05). In short memory test, the cognitive coefficient RI (0.83±0.08) of AT+ NBP group was higher than that of AT group (0.68±0.10) ( t=-3.13, P<0.05). Compared with CON group, the number of neuron apoptosis in prefrontal cortex in AT group increased ((17.33±2.51), (115.67±6.50); t=-24.41, P<0.001), and that in AT+ NBP group decreased compared with AT group((45.00±5.57)) ( t=14.29, P<0.001). The number of apoptosis neurons in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in AT group (13.75±4.79) was also less than that in the AT+ NBP group (5.75±3.30) ( t=2.75, P<0.05). Calcium concentration in nerve cells was detected that the three concentrations of alcohol (100 mmol/L, 200 mmol/L and 300 mmol/L) led to a significant increase in the RFU within the nerve cells (△F/F) ((1.43±0.32), (2.31±1.39), (1.21±0.73); t=-7.67, -2.85, -2.86, all P<0.05). In comparison, the changes of RFU in the three groups treated with NBP treatment were relatively stable ((0.04±0.01), (-0.03±0.01), (-0.04±0.02); t=7.96, 2.96, 2.92, all P< 0.05). Conclusion:The 3-n-Butylphthalide can improve the learning and memory ability of chronic alcoholism model mice, which may be related with the inhibition of neuron apoptosis and the influence of intracellular calcium homeostasis.
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Objective To investigate the traits of autonomous motivation and its effect on the de-pression severity and short-term clinic outcome. Methods Behavioral Approach System and Behavioral In-hibition System Scale(BAS / BIS),Motivational Traits Questionnaire Short Form(MTQ),the Hamilton De-pression Scale(HAMD-17)and the Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)were applied to 82 depression patients (case group)at baseline and after 2 weeks of treatment and 82 gender-matched healthy controls(control group). The reduction rate of HAMD total scores before and after treatment was used as the main efficacy in-dicator.Results The scores of MTQ-desire to learn((30.37 ± 6.78)vs(33.72 ± 4.34))and MTQ-mastery ((28.68±6.24)vs(32.29±4.74)),BAS-drive scores((9.90±2.76)vs(11.18±2.13))were significantly lower in the case group than those in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.001),While the scores of MTQ-emotionality((36.26± 7.14)vs(27.29± 5.73)),MTQ-worry((40.87± 7.56)vs(33.69±6.38)),BIS scores((22.68±2.61)vs(15.51±3.62))were significantly higher than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(all P<0.01).Correlation analysis found that baseline HAMD-17total scores were significantly positively correlated with baseline HAMA total scores(r=0.666,P<0.05),BIS(r=0.278,P<0.05),MTQ-worry(r=0.264,P<0.05)and MTQ- emotionality(r=0.371, P<0.05). Baseline HAMA total scores were significantly positively correlated with baseline HAMD-17 total scores(r=0.666,P<0.05),MTQ-worry(r=0.228,P<0.05)and MTQ-emotionality(r=0.282,P<0.05). The reduction rate of HAMD-17 and HAMA in patients with 2 weeks of treatment was respectively used with step-wise regression analysis,which showed that the significant contribution of MTQ-mastery and BAS-drive,and explained the reduction rate variables 19%(R2=0.19)of HAMD. BAS-drive contributed significantly,and explained the reduction rate variables 16.9%(R2=0.169)of HAMA. Conclusion Autonomous motivation levels of depression patients are significantly lower than that of healthy controls,while higher levels of autono-mous motivation(BAS-drive)may be associated with better short-term clinic outcome.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore common biological pathways for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and low birth weight (LBW).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thei-Gsea4GwasV2 software was used to analyze the result of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) for LBW (pathways were derived from Reactome), and nominally significant (P< 0.05, FDR< 0.25) pathways were tested for replication in ADHD.Significant pathways were analyzed with DAPPLE and Reatome FI software to identify genes involved in such pathways, with each cluster enriched with the gene ontology (GO). The Centiscape2.0 software was used to calculate the degree of genetic networks and the betweenness value to explore the core node (gene). Weighed gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was then used to explore the co-expression of genes in these pathways.With gene expression data derived from BrainSpan, GO enrichment was carried out for each gene module.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Eleven significant biological pathways was identified in association with LBW, among which two (Selenoamino acid metabolism and Diseases associated with glycosaminoglycan metabolism) were replicated during subsequent ADHD analysis. Network analysis of 130 genes in these pathways revealed that some of the sub-networksare related with morphology of cerebellum, development of hippocampus, and plasticity of synaptic structure. Upon co-expression network analysis, 120 genes passed the quality control and were found to express in 3 gene modules. These modules are mainly related to the regulation of synaptic structure and activity regulation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ADHD and LBW share some biological regulation processes. Anomalies of such proces sesmay predispose to ADHD.</p>
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Humanos , Transtorno do Deficit de Atenção com Hiperatividade , Genética , Ontologia Genética , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla , Recém-Nascido de Baixo PesoRESUMO
Objective To investigate the efficacy and white matter integrity of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and the modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) in patients with schizophrenia. Methods From May 2015 to October 2016,120 cases with schizophrenia were randomly enrolled into the MECT group and of the rTMS group. Patients in the MECT group were treated with the modified electric convulsive therapy for 8 times ,while patients in the rTMS group were treated with the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for 12 times. PANSS were used to evalue the clinical effects. Repeatable battery for the assess-ment of neuropsychological status was used to assess the cognitive function. Treatment emergent side-effect scale was used to assess the adverse effects. Brain fractional anisotropy was used to assess white matter integrity. Results After treatment,the PANSS scores were significantly lowered,however,the RBANS scores were signifi-cantly higher in the MECT group and rTMS group than those before treatment ,with significant differences (P <0.05). No significant differences for the PANSS scores and the RBANS scores were observed between the two groups before and after treatment. There was no significant difference for the TESS scores between the two groups before treatment(P > 0.05). After treatment,the TESS scores in the MECT group were significantly higher than those in the rTMS group(P < 0.05). After treatment,the FA values of left anterior cingulate gyrus,left posterior cingulate gyrus ,left prefrontal cortex and genu of corpus callosum for both MECT group and rTMS group were significantly increased (P < 0.05 ,respectively). Compared with the MECT group ,the FA value significantly increased in the rTMS group after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Both MECT and rTMS have significant clinical efficacies and can improve the cognitive function of schizophrenics. rTMS is more safe than MECT ,with a stronger effect on preventing the integrity of white matter than MECT.
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Objective To investigate the efficacy and white matter integrity of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and the modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) in patients with schizophrenia. Methods From May 2015 to October 2016,120 cases with schizophrenia were randomly enrolled into the MECT group and of the rTMS group. Patients in the MECT group were treated with the modified electric convulsive therapy for 8 times ,while patients in the rTMS group were treated with the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for 12 times. PANSS were used to evalue the clinical effects. Repeatable battery for the assess-ment of neuropsychological status was used to assess the cognitive function. Treatment emergent side-effect scale was used to assess the adverse effects. Brain fractional anisotropy was used to assess white matter integrity. Results After treatment,the PANSS scores were significantly lowered,however,the RBANS scores were signifi-cantly higher in the MECT group and rTMS group than those before treatment ,with significant differences (P <0.05). No significant differences for the PANSS scores and the RBANS scores were observed between the two groups before and after treatment. There was no significant difference for the TESS scores between the two groups before treatment(P > 0.05). After treatment,the TESS scores in the MECT group were significantly higher than those in the rTMS group(P < 0.05). After treatment,the FA values of left anterior cingulate gyrus,left posterior cingulate gyrus ,left prefrontal cortex and genu of corpus callosum for both MECT group and rTMS group were significantly increased (P < 0.05 ,respectively). Compared with the MECT group ,the FA value significantly increased in the rTMS group after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusions Both MECT and rTMS have significant clinical efficacies and can improve the cognitive function of schizophrenics. rTMS is more safe than MECT ,with a stronger effect on preventing the integrity of white matter than MECT.
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Objective To investigate the point prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder (SAD) in Chengdu primary school, and analyze the influencing factors. Methods Data came from a large representative sample of Chengdu 1441 primary school students, who were selected by stratified cluster sampling methods. They then finished self-compiled questionnaire, strengths and difficulties questionnaire, Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) (age 7 ～ 15 ), Egma Minnen ay Bardndosnauppforstran (EMBU) respectively. And then they had the face to face interviews with the trained psychiatrists, according to development and well - being assessment ( DAWBA,Chinese Version). Results Among 1441 Chengdu primary students, 37 of them were diagnosed SAD,with a point prevalence of 2.6% totally. The point prevalence was different in each grades, for 2.7% in grade 3,4. 1% in grade 4,4.1% in grade 5,3.5% in grade 6( z= -2.3, P=0. 023 ). Compared with the normal counterparts ,the SAD students had statistically significance different in pro-socialization ( z = -2. 1, P = 0.035 ), affection(z=- 5.2, P = 0. 001 ) , moral conduct ( z = - 2.8, P = 0. 004 ), peer( z = - 3.1, P = 0.002 ), excessive interference of maternal education ( z = - 3.1, P = 0.002 ), introversion-extroversion ( z = - 2. 0, P = 0. 046 ), neuroticism ( z =- 3.5, P= 0. 000), concealing tendency ( z= - 2.3, P= 0.018 ). Logistic regression analysis showed that: grade,family location, habitual lifestyle over the past years more emotional problem and excessive interference of maternal education were related with SAD occurrence. Conclusion The point prevalence rate of social anxiety disorder among Chengdu primary students is 2.6% ,and it was influenced by a number of factors .
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Effects of squalene, algae (Enteromorpha prolifera), laver (Prophyra hai-tanensis) and cauliflower on serum total cholesterol (T-C), high density li-poprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were separatly observed in Wistar male albino rats fed on a diet containing 0.5% cholesterol,5% lard and 0.5% bile salt. Squalene was supplemented at 5% of the diet, and algae, laver, cauliflower at 10% of the diet.After the rats had been fed on the diet described above for 30 days, serum T-C, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels were determined. The results showed that the rats fed on a diet containing 5% squalene or 10% algae were significantly lower in serum T-C, HDL-C and VLDL-C but higher in serum HDL-C than those of the controls, and the rats fed on a diet containing 10% laver or 10% cauliflower were significantly lower in serum T-C than that of the controls.
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The ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for determination of vitamin A in breast milk was simplified. The milk sample was extracted directly with ammonia water, ethyl alcohol and ether, the saponification procedure be- ing omitted. The optimal height of the aluminum oxide adsorption column and the optimal rate of flow for elution were developed. The observation was made whether the elution for vitamen A was complete by identifying the fluorescence of vitamin A directly under ultraviolet light in the eluat-es collected instead of SbCl3-Vitamin A blue color reaction. The simultaneous estimation of Vitamin A in breast milk and in the standard solution of Vitamin A with this method showed E300nm/E325nm less than 73%, agreeable with the British Pharmacopoeia. The recovery was 100.8%. This procedure has advantages of high sensitivity, simplicity, time saving and economy.