[ comparison effect of CD-ROM and demonstration method of measuring of vital signs skills in nursing students]

Development of clinical skills for nursing students is a critical component of nursing education programs. CD-ROM is as a valuable teaching and learning strategies in theory learning but more research is needed in practical courses. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of two educational methods demonstration and CD-ROM showing on the measure vital signs skills of nursing. This research was before and after experimental study. The sample was consists of 70students. Nursing students to be selected purposeful and then randomly assigned to two groups.The intervention was a group demonstration and a group showing CD-ROM about vital sing measurement. Data were collected via questionnaire and rating scale consisting of vital sing. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software 16 versions. The results showed the average score in CD 66.88 +/- 5.60 and in demonstration 62.66 +/- 8.41, temperatures score in CD 85.44 +/- 15.73 and in demonstration 81.94 +/- 13.50, respiratory assessment score in CD 15.44 +/- 1.61 and in demonstration 13.22 +/- 2.58, score of blood pressure in CD 45.22 +/- 4.165 and demonstration 44.19 +/- 4.14 and vital signs in CD 212.98 +/- 27.1 and in demonstration 203.01 +/- 28.63, which was significant difference T=23.45, P=0.05. Using of compact disc is improving the skills of measuring vital sign in nursing student. Therefore, computer-assisted instruction can be implemented with other teaching methods such as demonstration or this should be used an independent method to meet educational goals in Practical training courses such as measuring vital sign

effect of EMLA cream on reducing pain due to vaccination in children

One of the medical procedures causing pain is vaccination. It is associated with increased anxiety, restlessness, and increased parent distress and angry. Therefore, recognition and application of pain control strategies by health care worker is necessary. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of EMLA cream in reducing pain due to DPT vaccination. A randomized controlled trial, double-blind design was selected to conduct the study. One hundred and two infants with age 4 months undergoing DPT vaccination were selected by convenient sampling and randomly allocated to either experimental or control group. Infants in experimental group received EMLA on the skin and those in control group received placebo [Vit A+D] on the skin. Symptoms associated with pain while DPT vaccination measured by [MPBS] and crying time. The results showed that the MPBS scores were significantly lower in the EMLA group [2.08 +/- 1.02] compared with the placebo group [4056 +/- 1.05] [P=0.03]. The duration of crying was significantly lower in the EMLA group [6.00 +/- 5.01sec] than in placebo group [10.42 +/- 4.34] [P=0.04]. There was no statistically significant difference in side effect of intervention between two groups. This study showed that EMLA cream could be effective in reducing pain due to vaccination in infants. Health care workers are recommended to use EMLA cream for relieving pain, facilitating acceptance of parents to multiple injections and Promoting of quality health care

[ effect of Kegel exercise on pain relief post hemorrhoidetomy]

Hemorrhoid is a common disorder causing pain and its standard treatment is Hemorrhoidetomy. Also, pain is a common problem after surgery and control of it prevents physiologic and psychiatric complications. Kegel exercise is one of the relaxing and none invasive methods for reduction of pain. In this study the effect of kegel exercise on pain relief post hemorrhoidetomy is investigated. This study is a single blind randomized clinical trial. Samples were patients admitted for hemorrhoidetomy to Shahid Sadooghi hospital of Yazd. They were randomly divided in two experiment and control groups [each group 30 persons]. Before operation, Kegel exercise was educated to experiment group and after surgery pain range were recorded. Data was analyzed using descriptive and analythic statistics [T test and Pearson]. Findings showed that the mean score of post surgery pain in the first 48 hours after operation in experimental group was 26.50 +/- 5.82 and in control group 31.26 +/- 5.94, that have meaningful difference [P=0.003]. Regarding the amount of analgesics, the mean use of analgesics after surgery, in experimental group was 18.9 +/- 14.83 and in control group 52.83 +/- 29.89 which has meaningful difference [P=0.00001]. Type of analgesics in the two groups, 18, 24 and 48 hours after surgery with p=0.04, p=0.04 and p=0.05, had significant difference. There were not any correlation between pain intensity and numbers of Kegel exercise. Based on results, Kegel exercises decreased post hemorrhoidetomy pain and using analgesic drugs was decreased in experimental group. Preoperative education of this method is useful in pain management postoperatively

[Needle stick and sharp injuries in service workers in hospital]

Hospital is a place of health care and must not be a center of spreading infection. There is a risk of transmission of more than 20 blood pathogens to patients and their health care providers in hospital. The injuries by sharp objects are the most common way of this transmission. Each year 600000 to 800000 needle stick occur in USA sot that the treatment needs many skillful staff. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. The subjects were 120 staff in Shahid Sadoughi hospital who were selected by simple random sampling. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire including demographic characteristics, 30 relevant questions and a shape of human body completed by self reporting and interview. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS version 11.5. eighty five percent of the subjects reported injuries by sharp objects. They had 2 to 3 injuries per year. In 61.7% of cases, contamination of the injury was unknown. The most common site of injury was on hand [48%] and in 77.4% of causes it was superficial and without bleeding. The most frequent [62.7%] object causing injury was needle, then broken glasses [22.5%] and the least frequent one was surgical constituted [14.7%]. Contamination with body fluids was 48.3% and blood constituted 63.3% of them. The major activity associated with injury was collecting wastes [51.2%]. Wearing glove was the most common [76.7%] precaution applied by the subjects. Sixty nin percent of participants were used to washing and disinfecting site of injury but only [34%] of them had been provided with self-protection teaching programs. Less than half [48.5%] had received complete course of hepatitis vaccine. Service workers are at the risk of injuries that transmit blood - borne pathogens. So they should receive pre-employment learning programs on blood borne diseases, self protection measures and vaccines. Injuries can be decreased by setting up reporting and surveillance systems