RESUMO
Background: Oral cancer is one of the sixth most common cancers in the world. Oral exfoliative cytology is one of the popular screening tool for oral cancer. Use of tobacco in any form are documented as the most common cause as initiators for dysplastic changes in oral mucosa. The purpose of the study was to detect the cytological changes in buccal mucosa, tongue and palate among non-smokers & smokers. Material & Methods: Smears sample were collected according to site (buccal mucosa, tongue & palate) from 100 subjects among smokers & non-smokers. Smears were then stained using Papanicolaou staining technique. Results: Among the smokers and non-smokers the results were statistically significant. Conclusion: Recent advances in the clinical visualization and detection of the oral mucosa have made the viability of cytological procedures more specific and sensitive. Contact endoscopy and use of autofluorescence devices are the forerunners in this group. The fluorescence characteristics of tissues depend upon their biochemical composition and histomorphological architecture, both of which undergo a change during malignant transformation. These changes are detectable as an alteration in the fluorescence spectral profile of the tissues21. Due to low feasibilities of such devices the benchmark of diagnosis will be microscopic tissue examination. Hence cytological smears will always be highly specific, sensitive, easy to use and reproducible procedures in routine screening of population for potentially and malignant conditions of the oral cavity.
RESUMO
Background– Oxidative Stress, which is related with chronic inflammation can predispose tissue to cancer development. There are some reports in the literature concerning primary tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma arising from odontogenic cysts. The reason for this transformation is still unknown. Saliva is rich in antioxidant compounds and is considered to be the first line of defense against oxidative stress, the main cause for many systemic and oral health diseases. The primary antioxidants include uric acid, albumin, ascorbic acid, glutathione and antioxidant enzymes with uric acid, being the most important antioxidant molecule in saliva contributing approximately to 70% of the total antioxidant capacity. Aim and objective: To verify the utility of uric acid concentration in saliva in differentiation of healthy subjects, people with oral squamous cell carcinoma and odontogenic cysts, by using semiautomatic analyser. Material and method: Unstimulated whole saliva was collected in a sterile container after overnight fasting from ten each of age matched Healthy subjects (Group 1), patients diagnosed with Oral squamous cell carcinoma (Group 2) and Odontogenic Cyst (Group 3). The concentration of uric acid in saliva was determined using a ‘ROASCH URIC ACID‘ assay kit. Results: The salivary uric acid concentration significantly lowered from 6.4mg/dl in healthy control to 3.3mg/dl in odontogenic cyst to 1.8 mg/dl in oral squamous cell carcinoma. The present study adds an evidence that lowered level of salivary uric acid concentration can be considered as an important mechanism by which toxic effects of free radicals can initiate malignant transformation of cyst.
RESUMO
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been recognized as one of the most devastating infectious diseases of the century. Because of repeated exposure to the microorganisms present in blood and saliva, the incidence of certain infectious diseases has been significantly higher among dental professionals. HIV, Hepatitis B, Tuberculosis and Herpes simplex virus infections are well recognized and indicate the need for increased understanding of modes of disease transmission and infection control procedures. The purpose of this review is to provide brief awareness and understanding of the treatment options for the HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) patient. Significant regulations and recommendations have been generated to lessen the chances of viral exposure during prosthetic procedures.