Diarrhea due to infection with parasites and other pathogenic agents in ibn-koldon hospital lahaj, Yemen

This study was carried out to investigate the possible existence of these emerging pathogens and the parasitic profile in stool samples in the district city of Lahaj, Yemen. All stool samples submitted to the Microbiology and Parasitological departments of the Ibn-Koldon Hospital in Lahaj Governorate, and Faculty of Education Aden laboratory within the period of the January - June 2012. Fecal parasites were identified according to the standard ufpurasitological methods. Stool samples were cultured for bacterial pathogens and colonies morphologically, were further identified based on appropriate biochemical reactions and the results were confirmed by using HIMEDIA[TM[Biochemical Test Kit. Samples in which fungi grown on Sabouraud dextrose media were inoculated to corn meal agar, fungi were typed according to the morphological appearance under the microscope. Microscopic identification showed 90/686 [13.1%], 25 [3.6%], 11 [1.6%] and 4 [0.6%] respectively infections by parasitic diarrhea! infection [protozoa and worms], bacteria, fungus and unknown agents among the 686 [100.0%]patients who had provided a slool specimen. The parasites demonstrated were A. lumbricoides [17], Amebea spp., [6], Ikilanriciiuin coli [1], Cryptosporidium spp., [10], E. histolytica [50], E. vermicularis [6], Entunweha coli [5], F. hepatica [1], G. lamblia [17], If. nana [3], Hookworm[7], Schisjosoma spp., [2], and T. trichiura [6]. The lowest number of patients with parasitic protozoa and worms found in January 7 [6.2%] cases, and the highest number of patients with parasitic protozoa and worms found in June with 23 [41.8%] cases. Males showed a slightly higher infection rate [51.1% 46/90] than females 48.9% [44/90]. There was a predominance of single infection 55/90 [61.1%] in relation to multiple infections 35/90 [38.9%]. The incidence of parasitic diarrheal infection was highest [45.6% 41/90] in the age group II to 20 years and the lowest incidence was seen in the age group 31 to 40 years [0.0%]. The rate of infection by E. histolytica 49/134 [36.7%] and G. lamblia 17/134 [12.69%], were higher in parasitic diarrheal infection compared to the other age groups. Blood was collected from the patients and examined by ELISA test for the detection of IgG in the serum, only 73.46% [36/49] samples were positive for E. histolytica and 13 were negative. The most often isolated microorganisms in diarrheal patients were E. coli 14 [56.0%], and S. uureus, Citrobacter spp,, S. typhi and Campilobcter spp., were found in lower percentage each one 4.0%. Distributed of 11 fungi isolated were C. albicans 9 [81.8%] and C. tropicalis 2[18.2%]. The prevalence study revealed a high prevalence of parasites [E. histolytica, G. tciinhlia and A. lumbricoides and of bacteria diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli finally C. a/bicans] as the predominant cause of diarrheal infection in this region of the country. These microbes should therefore he considered when designing preventive strategies for people living in this district

INTESTINAL PARASITIC INFECTIONS AMONG CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS ATTENDING IBN- KOLDON HOSPITAL, LAHAJ, YEMEN

This study reports the results of a cross-sectional survey carried out in October 2011 to September 2012 to investigate the epidemiology of intestinal parasitism among the children and -adolescents in Lahaj Governor ate, Yemen. A cross sectional survey of 476 children and adolescents who are less than twenty years in Ibn- Koldon Hospital, was conducted at hospital on a pretested self-administered questionnaire. We investigated the prevalence of intestinal parasites [protozoa and helminthes] in patients with gastrointestinal complaints in medical centers in Ibn koldon Hospital in Lahaj Governor ate, Yemen, and Laboratory of Faculty of Education -Aden University. Stool smears were examined under light microscope for intestinal parasites [protozoa and helminthes] detection were confirmed by Formalin - Ether sedimentation technique. All stool and blood samples were examined and socio-recorded information was retrieved. The prevalence of parasitic infection among children and adolescents were 54.6%. 43.3% with single infection and 11.4% with multiple infections. The proportion behveen males [56.69%] and females [52.25%] was different in patients with symptoms of intestinal parasitic infection [cases]. Majority of intestinal parasitic infection of children tmd adolescents [36.2%] were among 16-20 years of age. The lower infection less than' one third 19.2% was among 11-15 years of age. E. histolytica in both [single and multi-infection] was the most common parasite 45.4% infection identified. Patients from Pir Omar, had high fractions [85.71%] with symptoms of intestinal parasitic infection. Fraction of infection in patients with symptoms of intestinal parasitic infection was peaked in the hot months July, August, September and October [66.7%, 77.27%, 45.24% and 49.6%, respectively]. Results of the questionnaire survey showed that the majority of mothers were reasonably aware about transmission of amoebiasis, giardiasis and uscariasis. Symptoms of intestinal parasitic infections, most of the mothers suggested one or more symptoms like diarrhea [48.61%], abdominal pain [71.76%], mucus with stools [24.1%], changing in odor [44.4%], gas [10.2%], loss of appetite [36.6%], abdominal distended [35.2%] and an enlarged abdomen [30.1%]. The E. histolytica detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay [ELISA] was 26.92% [35/130] from all positive Formalin - Ether sedimentation technique. The number of E. histolytica, G. lamblia and A. lumbricoides detected increased with the sedimentation technique methods and Formalin - Ether sedimentation technique. A good percentage of children and adolescents were infected by parasitic protozoa and helminthes and re-enforces the need for an urgent effort to check the unnecessary and avoidable heavy parasites load