Knowledge and practices among mothers regarding weaning practices, visiting pediatric outpatient department Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur

Background: Weaning is defined as addition of foods in the infant's diet other than mother's milk and slowly lessing mother's milk. WHO recommends and emphasize on breast feeding for the first four to six months for full term healthy child by a healthy mother

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and practices of lactating mothers of infants regarding weaning

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at pediatric outpatient department of Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur from 1[st] February to 30[th] April 2016.The non - probability convenience sampling method was used to get data from 75 lactating mothers attending outpatient department with their infants, and data regarding weaning knowledge and practices was noted. Data was analyzed by SPSS 21 and all results were shown in the form of tables, frequencies and percentages

Results: In the present study, 70% of mothers were 20 to 29 years of age, all were housewives, 30% were educated at 10[th] grade, and 75% lived in the combined family system, age range was 4-6 month, in 65% of mothers. Overall 48% used home-made weaning diet, 34% used mixed homemade and commercially refined diets, while 18% used only commercially prepared diets. Breastfeeding was sustained during and after weaning, in 68% mothers

Conclusion: This study showed that only two third mothers started weaning at 4-6 months, and half of mothers used home mad diet. Mothers must be educated about the importance and effectiveness of weaning, age at which weaning starts and the types of weaning diets. This can be achieved through the use of LHWs, LHVs and mass media as communication. The importance of continued breastfeeding after weaning should be emphasized

Depression among medical students of Quaid-e-Azam medical college, Bahawalpur

Objective: Main purpose of this study was to see the Stress and depression in the medical students of Q.A.M.C, Bahawalpur

Study Design: Descriptive / cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of study: This study was conducted at the QAMC, Bahawalpur from 1st May 2016 to 1st August 2016

Materials and Methods: 150 both male and female students were included. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS 20 Software used for data analysis and collected results were described in the form of frequencies tables, percentage and figures

Results: Seventy percent students were Non-depressed. Depression was more of the female gender. The number of depressed students was high in the 1[st] year followed by in 2[nd] year, the 3[rd] year, final year and 4[th] year. 13 % students were mildly depressed, 9% were moderately depressed and 8% students were severely depressed

Conclusion: The present study concludes that the depression rate is more among medical students

frequency of different contraceptives uses and their side effects in clients visiting family planning center, BVH Bahawalpur

Objective: The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of different contraceptive methods and their side effects in clients visiting Family Planning Centre, BVH Bahawalpur

Study Design: Cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at Family Planning Centre; BVH Bahawalpur From 5th May 2016 to 20th June 2016

Materials and Methods: Data was collected through a pre-designed Performa after informal consent. It included questions about fertility history, use of contraceptives, their source of information and their side effects. The questionnaire was first translated into Urdu and then reverse translated in English and then filled by interviewing each client. Data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS 13.All results were presented in Frequencies, percentages and in the form of tables and figures

Results: The most commonly practiced contraceptive methods in females were 36% hormonal injections and 29% oral pills while in males 75% condoms. The side effects, like menstrual irregularities and leucorrhoea of different contraceptive methods, were 38% with hormonal injectables, 35% with oral pills and 25% with IUCDs. No side effects were found in cases of condoms and vasectomy use

Conclusion: Out of 80 users of female contraception, 29% developed side effects like menstrual irregularities and leucorrhoea. No side effects were found in cases of condoms and vasectomy use

Development of HPLC method by UV-VIS detection for the quantification of phenolic acids in different Ocimum sanctum Linn. Extracts

A simple and rapid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of five phenolic acids including Gallic acid, Chloroganic acid, Syringic acid, Benzoic acid and Vanillic acid by HPLC with UV-VIS detector

These Phenolic acids were separated by analytical column Intersil ODS-3 CIS, a gradient elution system of ACN and acidified water solution with Iml/min flow rate and quantified in a total run of 30 minutes at 2lOnm wavelength. In the quantitative analysis of these compounds showed good regression [0.995-0.999]

The limit of detection [LOD] and limit of quantification [LOQ] of these compounds were in the range of 0.15-0.46 and 0.42-2.47 Hg/ml. The average recoveries were between 95.8-103.1% and their RSD values were less than 3.34%. By the proposed method Gallic acid, Chloroganic acid and Syringic acid were found and quantified in Methanolic, Ethanolic and Acetonic extract of Ocimum sanctum Linn, leaves. While the two other phenolic acids benzoic acid and vanillic acid was not found in the extracts of Ocimum sanctum Linn, leaves