randomized, control and comparative study of polyherbal formulation use for Malaria [plasmodium falciparum]

Plasmodium falciparum is the most well-known reason for extreme and life-debilitating malaria. Falciparum malaria causes more than 1 million deaths annually. Malaria remains a noteworthy reason for major morbidity and mortality in the tropics, with Plasmodium falciparum accountable for the mainstream of the disease weight and Plasmodium vivax being the geologically greatest broadly dispersed cause of malaria. The controlling of severe malaria comprises quick direction of suitable parenteral anti-malarial agents and initial acknowledgement and treatment of the complications. This clinical trial was piloted in 100 patients, in which 50 received the test drug [Malarina] and 50 received the control drug [Quinine Bisulphate]. The age range of patients was 12 years to above 50 years. The sample paired t-test was applied to evaluate the significant level. Malarina was very effective in treating malaria sign and symptoms. The new treatment Malarina was safe and well tolerated in all patients

H[2] receptor activity; effect in isolated rabbit heart

Histamine can stimulate the heart by directly interacting with cardiac histamine receptors. In the present study we have investigated the H[2] receptor activity in isolated rabbit heart. Cimetidine, a specific H[2] receptor antagonist was used. The isolated heart was mounted in langendroff apparatus. The heart was perfused at a constant pressure with oxygenated Ringer's Locke solution. H[2] receptor antagonist produces negative inotropic effect in the presence of histamine. This indicates that H[2] receptors are present in rabbit heart, and plays a role in mediation of positive inotropic effect produced through CAMP by histamine

Adrenaline; the effects in presence of beta blocker in isolated mammalian heart

There is no doubt that the effects of the catecholamines of the heart are mainly due to the stimulation of beta-adrenoceptors but in the mid 1960' s the first evidence was presented that a-adrenoceptors mediating positive inotrpoism exists also in the myocardium beside well established beta -adrenoceptors. In our observation adrenaline shows a positive inotropic response. The response of adrenaline in presence of metoprolol [beta1blocker] showed negative inotropic effect

Diabetic foot; surgical management

Diabetic foot is one of challenging diseases based on uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical management in diabetic foot patients presenting with different grades of infection. Descriptive study. Place and duration of study: Surgical unit I, Department of Surgery at Nishtar Hospital Multan for a periods of two years from January 2009 to December 2010. Patients and A total of 120 diabetic patients with different severity of foot infections who presented in causality and surgical outpatient department Nishtar Hospital Multan, where included in this study. Patients included in this study were above age of twelve years and were of both sexes. A detailed history was taken followed by the clinical examination. Routine investigations including complete blood examinations, complete urine examination, renal parameters, X-ray foot, CXR, ECG and pus for culture and sensitivity were recorded. Lesions were raded according to Wagner classification and appropriate medical and surgical treatment carried out. This study was carried out on 120 diabetic patients, out of which ninety six [80.0%] were male and twenty four [20%] were female. Male to female ratio was 4:1. Majority of the patients [n=66] were between the age group of 50 to 60 years. In majority of these patients forefront was involved, mostly big or little toe,. Patients were grouped into five grades according to the severity of infection. Twenty six [21.6%] patients were managed with antibiotics and dressings, thirteen [10.8%] patients needed debridement and skin grafting while eighty-one needed amputations of different types. Staphylococcus aureus was the commonest organism isolated. Majority of the diabetic foot lesions were in grade II to V. Lesser grade lesions responded well to conservative management with antibiotics, dressings and debridement. While those with higher grades needed amputations. Basic principles of management include early detection of diabetic foot, proper control of infection, control of diabetes mellitus and wound care. Delayed and improper treatment leads to osteomyelitis resulting in amputation and permanent disability of deformity

Outcome of stricturoplasty in patients with intestinal tuberculosis

Abdominal TB is one of the most prevalent forms of extra-pulmonary disease and is prevalent all over the world. Gastrointestinal involvement had been reported to be 55-90%. This study aimed to determine the outcome of stricturoplasty in patients with intestinal tuberculosis. To determine the outcome of stricturoplasty in patients with intestinal tuberculosis. Descriptive case series. Department of General Surgery, Nishtar Hospital Multan. Three years from January 2009 to December 2011. 120 patients of intestinal TB, who presented with intestinal obstruction in emergency and with signs and symptoms of intestinal TB in outdoor patient department were selected. History of contact, family history of tuberculosis immunization, past history of tuberculosis was taken. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. Laparatomy was done in all cases and stricturoplasty was performed. Patients were followed up during hospitalization. Postoperative complications were noted. All information were recorded on a proforma. Out of 120 patients, 56.7% were male and 43.3% were female having age between 14 to 70 years. Main presenting symptoms were pain abdomen, vomiting, distension of abdomen, weight loss, anorexia and low grade fever with sweats. Main complications after stricturoplasty were chest infection 40[33.3%], wound dehiscence in 16[13.3%], leakage in 12[10%], recurrence in 20[16.7%], scar pigmentation in 12[10%], keloid in 12[10%] patients and herniation in 8[6.7%] patients. Stricturoptasty is a safe, simple and easy operation, particularly useful at small peripheral hospitals with limited staff and resources

Early outcome of operative fixation of tibial pilon fractures

To evaluate the outcome of operative fixation of pilon fracture. It was descriptive, non randomized uncontrolled study. It was conducted at Civil Hospital Quetta. Study included 41 patients out of which 10 patients were excluded from study due to various reasons at the end of study 31 patients were available, whose results were analyzed. A total number of 31 patients entered the study between 15 June 2007 June 20, 2008. The patients that were lost in follow up were not included in the study. Out of the 31 cases in 11 the fibula was fixed with 1/3rd tubular plate with 3 patients having good, 4 fair and 5 poor result. Four cases where ORIF with spoon plate was done on tibia and maintaining fibula length by 1/3 tubular plate had good results [100%]. In 3 cases tibia was fixed by screw only and fibula length was maintained by 1/3 tubular plate one had good one fair and poor results. In cases where tibia was stabilized by external fixator either combined or in single one patients had good 5 fair and 12 poor results

Tuberculosis of Breast

The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical presentation and results of the therapeutic procedures inpatients suffering from tuberculosis of breast. Design: It was a descriptive study. Place and Duration Surgical Unit II, Nishtar Hospital, Multan from January 1999 to December 2003. Subject And All sixty four patients having clinical suspicion of breast tuberculosis admitted through surgical outpatient departmeent were subjected to various investigations to confirm the diagnosis and were treated according to the modes of presentation. Most of the patients were young females of low socio-economic status. These patients presented with chronic breast pain, painful lump, nipple discharge or recurrent breast abscess with vague ill health, fever and weight loss. Patients were investigated by microscopic examination of nipple discharge, Z-N staining and FNAC was done in those patients presenting with lump. Anti tuberculous drugs were prescribed in all patients along with surgical procedures such as incision drainage of abscess and biopsy of the curettage or excision of lump. All patients responded well to this treatment. Presentation of the breast tuberculosis was variable. Successful treatment includes antibiotic therapy with removal of infected breast tissue or lump