Role of Chemical Vasectomy by using Various Chemical Agents as a Method of Male Sterilisation

Introduction: Chemical vasectomy being a non-surgicalprocedure is safe, convenient and functionally reliable, havingfewer complications in comparison to surgical vasectomy.Therefore aim of present study was to develop a simple nonsurgical technique of male sterility which consists of injectionof chemical agents, sclerosant, inducing the obstruction ofvas, through the skin of the scrotum directly.Material and Methods: Present clinical study was carriedout on the cases of benign hyperplasia of prostate, admitted insurgical wards of L.L.R Hospital, Kanpur for Prostatectomyduring the period of August 1982 to June 1983. Forty fivepatients were classified in 3 equal groups by using threedifferent chemical agents.Results: Best results were achieved with 0.2ml, since itobliterated about 1 cm of vas in each case sufficient length tobring about satisfactory obliteration. Quantity more than 0.2ml up to 0.3 ml was useful but more than 0.3 ml was not ableto obliterate length of vas in proportion to quantity.Conclusion: Best chemical appears to be 95% ethanolhaving better results than other two chemical agents and leastcomplications were observed with 95% ethanol.

A Study of Biochemical Changes of Rocuronium Bromide and other Muscle Relaxants in Cardiac Surgery

Introduction: CAPD is one of the renal replacement therapieswhich is gaining popularity in the developing world especiallyIndia. This study was aimed to study the clinical profile andcomplication of Complications of Continuous AmbulatoryPeritoneal Dialysis (CAPD).Material and Methods: Patients on CAPD at our center wereevaluated for their clinical profile, complication and outcomeon follow-up.Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study.There were 66%males and 34% females. Mean age of thepatients was 47.95± 6 years. Hypertension was seen as etiologyin 36%, Diabetes in 27%, chronic glomerulonephritis in 22%,Analgesic nephropathy in 4%, Obstructive nephropathy in 3%and in 4% cases no obvious cause for CKD could be found.Among the complications pain was seen in 11%, pericatheterleak in 5%, bleeding 7%, intestinal perforation in 2%, herniain 5%, total obstruction in 4%, exit site infection in 7%,tunnel infection in 2% and total 111 episodes of peritonitis.Technique survival at 1 year and 2 years was 97%and 94%respectively. Patient survival at one and two years was 90%and 78% respectivelyConclusion: CAPD presents a viable form of renalreplacement therapy. There has been sustained decrease incomplication rates and improvement in technique and patientsurvival with advancement in catheter implantation andcomplication management

Computational drug Cumintrazole-analog for the treatment of mutant BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the second death causing disease in the world. Breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and Breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) are the controlling proteins of this cancer. Real capacity of BRCA1/BRCA2 is to control the cell division, repair the damaged DNA and stabilized the genetic material of the cell. In case of any mutation in these proteins, the division of breast cells will be modified and therefore the cancerous development of cells will start in breast. The essential target of study was to prepare novel synthetic compound to focus on destinations for receptor proteins, located on cells surface, which control the development or stop the multiplication of cancer cells. Subsequent to screening vast measure of information, we outlined novel in-silico medication compound for breast cancer that is able to hinder the uncontrolled development of cells. In docked edifices PHE and GLN are critical communicating build ups for BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins. Atomic recipe of shad sample totally fulfills the Lipinski rule of five. It shows less symptoms and long resistance against breast cancer cells. We infer that our medication shad sample is better than the business drugs available in business sector. As it is non-toxic in nature and has no reactions. The proposed drug is suitable for reduction of the breast cancer in females.

Computational drug ZINPIP-Analog an ultimate solution to cure conserved domains of mutant EGFR, ALK and BRAF Proteins in NSCLC.

Mutations in different genes such as EGFR, ALK and BRAF results in non-small cell Lung cancer (NSCLC). The most ordinarily discovered EGFR mutations in patients with NSCLC are deletion in exon 29 or in 21. Mutations initiate the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR and are connected with the affectability to small molecules results in the formation of NSCLC. The missense mutations of BRAF have been detected in exon 11 and 15. Mutation of ALK occurs as a result of small inversion. The primary objective of study was to design novel chemical compound to block the targeted sites for receptor proteins, present on cells surface which control the growth or stop the proliferation of cancer cells. After screening large amount of data we have designed Novel Insillico drug compound Zinpip analog for NSCLC that blocks the EGFR, ALK, and BRAF. In docked complexes ALA, LYS, and ARG were common interacting residues for EGFR and ALK. ALA and GLY were common for ALK and BRAF mutant protein and Ligand complex interaction. ALA was common among all interactions. Molecular formula of Zinpip analog completely satisfies the Lipinski rules of five. It shows less side effects and long resistance against for non-small cell lung cancer. We conclude that our drug Zinpip analog is superior to commercial drugs available in market. As it is non-toxic in nature and has no side effects.

Computational drug Cumintrazole-analog for the treatment of mutant BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins in breast cancer

Breast cancer is the second death causing disease in the world. Breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and Breast cancer gene 2 (BRCA2) are the controlling proteins of this cancer. Real capacity of BRCA1/BRCA2 is to control the cell division, repair the damaged DNA and stabilized the genetic material of the cell. In case of any mutation in these proteins, the division of breast cells will be modified and therefore the cancerous development of cells will start in breast. The essential target of study was to prepare novel synthetic compound to focus on destinations for receptor proteins, located on cells surface, which control the development or stop the multiplication of cancer cells. Subsequent to screening vast measure of information, we outlined novel in-silico medication compound for breast cancer that is able to hinder the uncontrolled development of cells. In docked edifices PHE and GLN are critical communicating build ups for BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins. Atomic recipe of shad sample totally fulfills the Lipinski rule of five. It shows less symptoms and long resistance against breast cancer cells. We infer that our medication shad sample is better than the business drugs available in business sector. As it is non-toxic in nature and has no reactions. The proposed drug is suitable for reduction of the breast cancer in females.

Computational drug ZINPIP-Analog an ultimate solution to cure conserved domains of mutant EGFR, ALK and BRAF Proteins in NSCLC.

Mutations in different genes such as EGFR, ALK and BRAF results in non-small cell Lung cancer (NSCLC). The most ordinarily discovered EGFR mutations in patients with NSCLC are deletion in exon 29 or in 21. Mutations initiate the tyrosine kinase activity of EGFR and are connected with the affectability to small molecules results in the formation of NSCLC. The missense mutations of BRAF have been detected in exon 11 and 15. Mutation of ALK occurs as a result of small inversion. The primary objective of study was to design novel chemical compound to block the targeted sites for receptor proteins, present on cells surface which control the growth or stop the proliferation of cancer cells. After screening large amount of data we have designed Novel Insillico drug compound Zinpip analog for NSCLC that blocks the EGFR, ALK, and BRAF. In docked complexes ALA, LYS, and ARG were common interacting residues for EGFR and ALK. ALA and GLY were common for ALK and BRAF mutant protein and Ligand complex interaction. ALA was common among all interactions. Molecular formula of Zinpip analog completely satisfies the Lipinski rules of five. It shows less side effects and long resistance against for non-small cell lung cancer. We conclude that our drug Zinpip analog is superior to commercial drugs available in market. As it is non-toxic in nature and has no side effects.

Chronic renal failure in children; etiology and clinical presentation

Chronic renal failure is defined as progressive and irreversible loss of renal functions that gradually progress to end-stage renal disease. The etiology of chronic renal failure in childhood correlates closely with the age of patient at the time when the renal failure is first detected. The aim was to assess the underlying causes and risk factors of chronic renal failure and to identify the clinical presentation of chronic renal failure in children reporting at Allied Hospital Faisalabad. It was a cross sectional study. The study was done in a period of one year starting from March 20th, 2007 to March 20, 2008. The study was done in the Department of Pediatrics medicine Allied Hospital Faisalabad. CRF was defined as glomerular filtration rate less than 25% of the normal for that age and sex. Patients of either sex ranging from 6 months to 15 years fulfilling the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Sampling technique was non-probability convenience sampling. In addition to clinical evaluation, they were investigated to find out the underline causes. Out of 40 patients of CRF males were [n-28], females were [n-12], with male to female ratio of 2.3:1. Mean age of males was 7.36+ 3.98 and females was 8.96+ 2.65. Etiological factors found in 34[85%] patients included congenital malformations [9-22.5%] urolithiasis [8-20%] reflux nephropathy [6-15%] glomerulopathies [3-7.5%] neurogenic bladder [2-5%] strictures [1-2.5%] and miscellaneous [5-20.5%] Etiology was unknown in 6 patients [15%]. Failure to thrive 77%, Respiratory distress 75%, Pallor 75%, Fever 75%, Headache 67%, Vomiting 63%, Edema 50%, and Anorexia 42% were the most common clinical features at presentation

Down's syndrome; congenital heart disease in children, an experience in Faisalabad Pakistan

To evaluate the various types of congenital heart defects and to determine their frequency in children with Down's syndrome. Descriptive study. Department of Pediatrics, Independent University Hospital Faisal Abad Pakistan, from January 2010 to December 2012. 93 children between the ages of day 1 to 12 years, diagnosed clinically as Down's syndrome based on its characteristic phenotypic appearance, were included in the study. A detailed history, physical examination and evaluation of cardiovascular status [including Chest x-ray, Electrocardiogram and Echocardiography] were performed in each Down's syndrome case. Variables of interest included age, sex, maternal age at birth and type and frequency of congenital heart disease. Congenital heart disease was present in 48 [51.62%] children out of 93 children with Down's syndrome. Congenital cardiac defects in order of predominant type and their frequency included Ventricular septal defect [29, 60.4%], Atrioventricular septal defect [14, 29.1%], Atrial septal defect [2, 4.1%], Patent ductus arteriosis [2, 4.1%] and Tetralogy of Fallots [1, 2%]. 68 [73.2%] Down's syndrome children [n=93] presented during their first year of life with mean age of 7 +/- 4 months. Male predominance was observed in both with and without congenital heart disease Down's syndrome children [male: female 1.7:1 and 2.5:1 respectively]. Mean maternal age at birth was 27 +/- 2 years. Congenital heart disease [CHD] is frequently associated with Down's syndrome [DS]. Ventricular septal defects and atrioventricular septal defects are the most common forms of CHDs in DS children of our region. Their earlier presentation [in infancy] and significant contribution to the morbidity and mortality of DS children warrants early diagnosis of DS and mandatory screening of all DS children for associated CHDs