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Introduction: Chemical vasectomy being a non-surgicalprocedure is safe, convenient and functionally reliable, havingfewer complications in comparison to surgical vasectomy.Therefore aim of present study was to develop a simple nonsurgical technique of male sterility which consists of injectionof chemical agents, sclerosant, inducing the obstruction ofvas, through the skin of the scrotum directly.Material and Methods: Present clinical study was carriedout on the cases of benign hyperplasia of prostate, admitted insurgical wards of L.L.R Hospital, Kanpur for Prostatectomyduring the period of August 1982 to June 1983. Forty fivepatients were classified in 3 equal groups by using threedifferent chemical agents.Results: Best results were achieved with 0.2ml, since itobliterated about 1 cm of vas in each case sufficient length tobring about satisfactory obliteration. Quantity more than 0.2ml up to 0.3 ml was useful but more than 0.3 ml was not ableto obliterate length of vas in proportion to quantity.Conclusion: Best chemical appears to be 95% ethanolhaving better results than other two chemical agents and leastcomplications were observed with 95% ethanol.
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Present study was aimed to screening the population of 25 wheat genotypes from Baluchistan region of Pakistan along with five commercial cultivars for leaf rust adult plant resistance (APR) through gene postulation using natural inoculation of Puccinia triticina Erikss local pathotype. Infection severity was recorded on scale in comparison with susceptible control "Morroco" cultivar. On the basis of phenotypic score, seven accessions and four varieties (Zardana-89, Sariab-92, Zarlashta-99 and Raskoh-05) with AUDPC values up to 20% were characterized as resistant genotypes. Coefficient of infection (CI) score ranged from 0-10 for some accessions and cultivars showing high level of adult plant resistance. Furthermore, bi-allelic STS marker csLV34 having close linkage with Lr34 (0.4cM). This marker amplified one gene specific allele of 150bp in 21 genotypes, including 19 accessions and two commercial varieties (Sariab-92 and Zarghoon-79) which confirmed presence of Lr34 gene conferring adult plant resistance against leaf rust. The rust pathogenicity scale varied for accessions from resistant to moderately susceptible. However, beside Lr34, phenotypic gene postulation, in combination with marker assisted selection for leaf rust resistance, has revealed presence of some other unknown resistance genes in local wheat germplasm which signified its use in wheat improvement programs both locally and abroad.
O presente estudo teve como objetivo a triagem da população de 25 genótipos de trigo do Baluchistão, região do Paquistão, juntamente com cinco cultivares comerciais para o estudo da resistência à ferrugem da folha em plantas adultas (leaf rust adult plant resistance, APR, em inglês) através da postulação gênica usando a inoculação natural do patótipo local da Puccinia triticina Erikks. A gravidade da infecção foi registrada na escala em comparação ao cultivar de controle suscetível "Morroco". Com base na pontuação fenotípica, sete acessões e quatro variedades (Zardana-89, Sariab-92, Zarlashta-99 and Raskoh-05) com valores de AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve, em inglês) até 20% foram caracterizados como genótipos resistentes. A pontuação do coeficiente de infecção (CI) variou no intervalo de 0-10 para algumas acessões e cultivares evidenciando uma elevada resistência nas plantas adultas. Além disso, o STS marker para o csLV34 bi-alélico demonstrou uma ligação estreita com o Lr34 (0.4cM). Este marcador amplificou um alelo específico do gene do 150bp em 21 genótipos, incluindo 19 acessões e duas variedades comerciais (Sariab-92 and Zarghoon-79) o que confirmou a presença do gene Lr34 conferindo resistência às plantas adultas contra a ferrugem da folha. A escala de patogenicidade da ferrugem para as acessões de resistente a moderadamente suscetível. Contudo, além do Lr34, a postulação gênica fenotípica, em combinação com a seleção auxiliada (ou assistida) por marcadores para a resistência da ferrugem da folha, revelou a presença de outros genes resistentes desconhecidos no germoplasma do trigo local o que justifica a sua utilização em programas de melhoramento do trigo tanto a nível local quanto a nível internacional.
Assuntos
Triticum , Resistência à Doença , Patologia Vegetal , GenesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Pakistan has been hugely struck with massive bomb explosions (car and suicide bombs) resulting in multiple casualties in the past few years. The aim of this study is to present the patterns of skeletal and soft tissue injuries and to review the outcome of the victims who presented to our hospital. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review from January 2008 to December 2012. The medical record numbers of patients were obtained from the hospital Health Information and Management Sciences (HIMS) as per the ICD-9 coding. RESULTS: During the study period, more than 100 suicide and implanted bomb blast attacks took place in the public proceedings, government offices, residential areas and other places of the city. Altogether 262 patients were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the patients was 31±14 years. The shrapnel inflicted wounds were present on to the upper limb in 24 patients and the lower limb in 50. CONCLUSION: Long bone fractures were the most common skeletal injuries. The fractures were complicated by penetrating fragments and nails which result in post operative infections and prolonged hospital stay.
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Aims: This study was aimed to know the burden of malaria infection and to re-evaluate its high prevalence in general population of Bannu District. Study Design: The current study was designed to re-evaluate the high prevalence of malaria and its demography in the human population of Bannu District. Place and Duration of the Study: This study was conducted during the months of May to September 2011 in local population of the Bannu District. Methodology: A total of 823 blood samples were randomly collected from both sexes; 513 males and 310 females of varying age groups <1 up to 50< years (mean 26.3± 9.1). Blood was drawn by pricking a left hand finger by using a sterilized lancet. Both thick and thin smears were prepared and examined through microscope for the detection of malarial parasites along with their impact on the general hematology. Results: Out of 823 blood samples, 223(27.1%) subjects were found positive for Plasmodiasis, while the distribution of species prevalence was observed as 186 (22.6%) and 25 (3.04%) for Plasmodium vivax, and Plasmodium falciparum, respectively along with a mixed infection of 12(1.46%). Variation with high incidence (42.65%) was found in the age group of 21-30 years. Moreover, males were found to be more malaria infected (30.64%) than females (24.95%). In addition, the prevalence of Plasmodiasis was found more frequent in rural population (33.42%) as compared to urban (21.00%) population. Conclusion: The present study revealed that the burden of malaria was high in rural areas of Bannu District and more attention is needed to overcome and control the high prevalence of malaria in this region.
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The urease of the human pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is essential for pathogenesis. The ammonia produced by the enzyme neutralizes stomach acid; thereby modifying its environment. The dodecameric enzyme complex has high affi nity for its substrate, urea. We compared urease sequences and derivative 3D homology model structures from all published Helicobacter genomes and an equal number of genomes belonging to strains of another enteric bacterium, Escherichia coli. We found that the enzyme’s architecture adapts to fi t its niche. This fi nding, coupled to a survey of other physiological features responsible for the bacterium’s acid resistance, suggests how it copes with pH changes caused by disease onset and progression.