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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, particularly impacting vulnerable populations such as pregnant women. Physiological changes during pregnancy may increase susceptibility to severe outcomes from COVID-19, necessitating a deeper understanding of its effects on maternal and fetal health. This study aimed to observe the outcomes of pregnant patients diagnosed with COVID-19, focusing on maternal morbidity, fetal outcomes, and the impact on healthcare resources.Methods: A multicenter, non-randomized, quasi-experimental prospective observational study was conducted at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh, from July 2020 to June 2021. A total of 81 pregnant women with confirmed COVID-19 were included in the study. Data were collected using a pre-prepared data collection sheet and analyzed using SPSS version 26.Results: The majority of patients were in the third trimester (49.1%) and between 35-40 weeks gestation (83%). Common symptoms included severe cough (26%) and fever (14%). Six patients (7.4%) experienced multiorgan failure, while 3 (3.7%) required mechanical ventilation. There were 3 spontaneous abortions, 52 deliveries (64.2%), and 2 neonates were COVID-positive. Maternal hospital stays averaged 13.1 days (SD�37), with a mean breastfeeding interval of 13.3 days (SD�44).Conclusions: COVID-19 had a detrimental impact on both maternal and fetal health, emphasizing the need for improved treatment strategies and resource allocation. This study highlights the importance of further research to better understand and mitigate the effects of COVID-19 on pregnant women.
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Background: Although preeclampsia claims lives of 70,000 mothers and 500,000 newborns each year, in Bangladesh the comprehensive data-sets are not well-documented. We studied the prevalence of preeclampsia, its trend and the associated risk factors in Rajshahi, Bangladesh.Methods: Using a cross-sectional longitudinal design, 90 women hospitalized with preeclampsia in 7 hospitals of Rajshahi, Bangladesh were considered in the study, of which Rajshahi medical college hospital (RMCH) is a tertiary referral hospital. The data were collected by interviewing the patients, physical examinations and analyzing patients� pathological profile. For statistical analyses, SPSS software was employed. Results: During the five years (2013-2017), RMCH admitted pregnant mothers for delivery or with obstructed complications had increased from 11,523 to 17,201, leading to an increase in preeclamptic patients from 407 to 435. Its prevalence rate (3.21%) was found to be decreased linearly with time. The preeclamptic patients were of 16-40 years, averaging 25.90�65 years. The youngest (� years) preeclamptic mothers (24%) were at high risk of preeclampsia. The obese (40%) and overweight (29%) preeclamptic mothers experienced severe oedema, headache, vomiting, lower abdominal pain and hyperacidity. About three-fourths of the concerned patients were of lower socio-economic class, of which the majority was below education level 10. The majority were from joint families (58%) who took less than 2.2 L of drinking water per day.Conclusions: The average prevalence preeclampsia rate was 3.21% that was found to decrease linearly with time. The youngest but obese (BMI of � kg/m2) mothers were vulnerable for preeclampsia. Other risk factors include lower socio-economic class, less education, white complexion, joint family type and taking less amount of fluid.
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Background: Cervical cancer arises when cells in the cervix undergo abnormal changes, leading to tumor formation. Although preventable, it remains the fourth most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of cervical cancer among village women.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at Upazilla Health Complex (UHC), Sariakandi, Bogura, Bangladesh from January 2023 to December 2023. As the study subjects, a total of 1186 village women who participated in the cervical cancer screening program of the mentioned UHC were enrolled purposively. For data analysis, MS Office tools were applied.Results: In this study, the majority of participants belonged to the >40 years’ age group (53.2%), were housewives (73%), married at the age of 20 or younger (59%), and reported negative vaginal discharge (53%). Among the total participants, the prevalence of cervical cancer, as determined by visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) tests, was found to be 1.18%.Conclusions: In comparison to other South Asian or African countries, the prevalence of cervical cancer among village women in Bangladesh is relatively low. However, housewives aged over 40 years, experiencing negative vaginal discharge, and marrying at age 20 or younger are particularly susceptible to such diseases here.
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Background: In abnormal uterine bleeding due to ovulation dysfunction, unopposed estrogen causes persistent proliferative or hyperplastic endometrium and periods of amenorrhea followed by excessive bleeding. This is managed medically by cyclical use of some hormonal agents. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness and acceptability of cyclical progestin alone and low dose estrogen progestin pill as medical management of AUB-O in premenopausal women.Methods: The study composed of 57 premenopausal women with anovular type of bleeding. The study participants were randomly allocated to take either norethisterone 10 mg daily from 16th to 25th day of menstrual cycle or low dose estrogen progesterone pill, one pill daily from 1st day of menstrual cycle up to 24th day. These patients were followed up after three and six months to assess subjectively the persistence of abnormal uterine bleeding, patient’s satisfaction, need for hysterectomy and any side effects.Results: The symptomatic improvement was more apparent with estrogen progestin pill than cyclical norethisterone. More patients chose hysterectomy in the norethisterone group because they were not satisfied with medical management.Conclusions: Symptomatic improvement is more with low dose estrogen progestin pill than cyclical norethisterone in women with AUB-O. More women decline hysterectomy as they accept estrogen progestin pill.
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Background: Palliative care is a holistic approach which can improve patients and their family抯 quality of life through the prevention and relief of physical symptoms as well as support for emotional, social and spiritual suffering. Despite the substantial need for palliative care there is very limited access in Bangladesh, with only a few palliative care services focused on children including several hospital-based services as well as home and hospice-based services, within the capital city of Dhaka. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of pediatric palliative care on quality of life in children with cancer.Methods: This was an institutional based descriptive study conducted in the department of pediatric hematology and oncology and pediatric palliative care unit, Dhaka medical college hospital, Dhaka, from May to August 2023. A total of thirty child and parent pairs were taken as the study population according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Outcome was evaluated by the CPOS-2 questionnaires for symptom and Lanskys performance status scale for assessment of activity level.Results: The median age of the children were 5.7 years where 70.0% were male. The duration of disease of the patients was up to 6 months in 63.3% cases. One third of the patients had ALL, 13.3% had NHL, and 10.0% had Ewing sarcoma while another 10.0% having neuroblastoma.Conclusions: There is significant improvement in the quality of life of pediatric cancer patients and their parents, as well as the enhanced performance status of patients with cancer after receiving pediatric palliative care.
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Background: Epidural analgesia is the most effective method of pain relief during labour and the only method that provides complete analgesia without maternal or foetal adverse effects. This study aimed to assess the mode of delivery outcomes of labour in women who had received effective epidural analgesia.Methods: After ethical approval, this quasi-experimental study was carried out in Dhaka Medical College Hospital for one year, from July 2021 to June 2022. A total of 100 admitted pregnant women (37 weeks to 41 weeks) in the labour ward were included in the study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among them, 50 women were in group A (with epidural analgesia), and the other 50 were in group B (without epidural analgesia). A detailed history and thorough clinical examination were carried out on each patient. Data were collected in separate case-record forms and analyzed using SPSS 24.Results: Mean age, gestational age, parity, and body mass index were statistically similar in both group A and B. Normal vaginal delivery rate (86% vs. 90%), instrumental delivery rate (10% vs. 6%), and caesarean section rate (4% vs. 4%) were not significantly different in both groups. Besides, both group A and B had statistically similar APGAR scores at 1st (8.66±0.87 and 8.80±0.83 respectively, p=0.414) and 5th min (9.66±0.68 and 9.74±0.59 respectively, p=0.537).Conclusions: Epidural labour analgesia can be safely recommended as a method of labour analgesia, provided the prerequisites are fulfilled. It has no significant adverse effect on the mode of delivery.
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Background: The Bombay blood group, a rare type often confused with 慜�, poses a critical transfusion risk, requiring specific compatibility with Bombay (Oh) blood. With a lack of data in Bangladesh, this study aimed to establish a comprehensive database for the rare Bombay phenotype, crucial for transfusion safety. Objective was to determine the frequency prevalence of Bombay phenotype among 慜� blood group individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University from January 2020 to June 2021 involved, aseptic collection of 3 ml venous blood sample, with forward and reverse blood grouping revealing a 慜� phenotype. Utilizing anti-H lectin resolved discrepancies and confirmed the absence of 慔� antigen in individuals with Bombay blood groups. Blood samples of Bombay phenotype individuals showed the following reactions: anti-A (-), anti-B (-), anti-AB (-), anti-H (-), A cells 4+, B cells 4+, O cells 4+. Results: Among 10,000 individuals with apparent blood group 慜�, 99.97% were identified as 慜� blood type, while only 0.03% exhibited the rare Bombay blood group. ABO and Rh-D blood group frequencies varied over the study period, with B +ve at the highest (28.31%) and AB -ve at the lowest (0.21% to 0.23%). Overall, O +ve had the highest frequency (97.29%), and Bombay blood group was rare, with 慜� dominating at 99.97%. Conclusions: The study identified a 0.03% prevalence of the Bombay phenotype. Due to its potential confusion with 慜� blood group, transfusing 慜� blood to Bombay individuals carries a substantial risk of severe hemolytic reactions, including fatal consequences.
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Background: Uterine fibroids, noncancerous growths arising from the smooth muscle cells of the uterus, are prevalent benign tumors in women during their reproductive years. Despite many pregnancies proceeding without complications, literature suggests an elevated risk during pregnancy, prompting the study to assess delivery modes in pregnant individuals with a fibroid uterus. The study aims to assess maternal-fetal outcomes, clinical manifestations, prevalence and associated factors of uterine fibroids during pregnancy.Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted at Shaheed Monsur Ali Medical College, Dhaka from 2018 to 2022, involved 80 pregnant women receiving antenatal care. Before the examination, informed consent was obtained, and participants signed the informed consent form on the examination day. Inclusion criteria comprised individuals aged 21 to 40, or >40 with a gestational age between 33 to 38 weeks, having single or multiple uterine fibroids exceeding 3/4 cm in size. Informed consent was obtained, and data collection included demographics, medical history, and ultrasound reports to assess uterine fibroids, analyzed using SPSS version 20.Results: The study involving 80 patients with uterine fibroids reveals that the majority fall within the 31-35 age range, with a balanced urban-rural residency split. Muslim patients are predominant, and educational backgrounds show a nearly equal distribution between literate and illiterate individuals. Most patients have a BMI between 25-30 kg/m2 or >30 kg/m2. Submucosal fibroids are the most prevalent type (41.25%), mainly located in the fundus (33.75%). Caesarean section is the primary delivery mode (57.50%), with Fetal Distress being the leading indication for emergency Caesarean sections (30.00%).Conclusions: The study reveals the intricate challenges in managing pregnancies with uterine fibroids, highlighting potential risks, including spontaneous miscarriage. The emphasis on mode of delivery and detailed fibroid assessments offers valuable insights for clinicians navigating this complex patient population.
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Background: Adequate nutrition is an important concern in children with leukemia. Malnutrition impairs immune function, leading to increased incidence of infection, poor quality of life, as well as death. Febrile neutropenia (FN) has a high prevalence in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and a poor outcome as well.Methods: This prospective observational study was done in the department of pediatrics hematology and oncology (PHO), BSMMU, from January 2021 to October 2021. A total of 60 patients of ALL were selected purposively. Patients were evaluated by taking anthropometric parameters before getting chemotherapy and were prospectively followed up for the development and outcome of FN until recovery. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS (Statistical package for the social sciences) for Windows version 26.0.Result: Analysis of nutritional status as a risk factor for FN based on anthropometric indices, was found statistically significant for, weight for height (?5 years) p=0.036, OR=0.24 (95% CI= 0.06-0.958), weight for age p=0.006, OR=0.23 (95% CI=0.07-0.67), but for BMI for age (>5 years) p=0.28, OD=0.28 (95% CI=0.02-3.19), and height for age p=0.513, OD=0.66 (95% CI=0.18-2.33) no statistically significant value was found. In this study, we found mortality rate was 15%. The mortality rate was significantly worse (27.3%) for patients who were malnourished at diagnosis as compared to those who were well nourished (7.9%) at diagnosis.Conclusions: FN and its complications are more common in malnourished children with ALL. Malnutrition is associated with adverse outcomes of FN in children with ALL.
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BACKGROUND@#Bioglasses are used in applications related to bone rehabilitation and repair. The mechanical and bioactive properties of polysaccharides like alginate and agarose can be modulated or improved using bioglass nanoparticles. Further essential metal ions used as crosslinker have the potential to supplement cultured cells for better growth and proliferation.METHOD: In this study, the alginate bioink is modulated for fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds by extrusionbased 3D bioprinting using agarose, bioglass nanoparticles and combination of essential trace elements such as iron, zinc, and copper. Homogeneous bioink was obtained by in situ mixing and bioprinting of its components with twin screw extruder (TSE) based 3D bioprinting, and then distribution of metal ions was induced through post-printing diffusion of metal ions in the printed scaffolds. The mechanical and 3d bioprinting properties, microscopic structure, biocompatibility of the crosslinked alginate/agarose hydrogels were analyzed for different concentrations of bioglass. The adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC) and osteoblast cells (MC3T3) were used to evaluate this hydrogel’s biological performances. @*RESULTS@#The porosity of hydrogels significantly improves with the incorporation of the bioglass. More bioglass concentration results in improved mechanical (compressive, dynamic, and cyclic) and 3D bioprinting properties. Cell growth and extracellular matrix are also enhanced with bioglass concentration. @*CONCLUSION@#For bioprinting of the bioinks, the advanced TSE head was attached to 3D bioprinter and in situ fabrication of cell encapsulated scaffold was obtained with optimized composition considering minimal effects on cell damage. Fabricated bioinks demonstrate a biocompatible and noncytotoxic scaffold for culturing MC3T3 and ADMSC, while bioglass controls the cellular behaviors such as cell growth and extracellular matrix formation.
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Abstract In soybean breeding program, continuous selection pressure on traits response to yield created a genetic bottleneck for improvements of soybean through hybridization breeding technique. Therefore an initiative was taken to developed high yielding soybean variety applying mutation breeding techniques at Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh. Locally available popular cultivar BARI Soybean-5 was used as a parent material and subjected to five different doses of Gamma ray using Co60. In respect to seed yield and yield attributing characters, twelve true breed mutants were selected from M4 generation. High values of heritability and genetic advance with high genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for plant height, branch number and pod number were considered as favorable attributes for soybean improvement that ensure expected yield. The mutant SBM-18 obtained from 250Gy provided stable yield performance at diversified environments. It provided maximum seed yield of 3056 kg ha-1 with highest number of pods plant-1 (56). The National Seed Board of Bangladesh (NSB) eventually approved SBM-18 and registered it as a new soybean variety named 'Binasoybean-5' for large-scale planting because of its superior stability in various agro-ecological zones and consistent yield performance.
Resumo No programa de melhoramento da soja, a pressão pela seleção contínua para a resposta das características de rendimento criou um gargalo genético para melhorias da soja por meio da técnica de melhoramento por hibridação. Portanto, foi desenvolvida uma variedade de soja de alto rendimento, aplicando técnicas de reprodução por mutação, na Divisão de Melhoramento de Plantas, no Instituto de Agricultura Nuclear de Bangladesh (BINA), em Bangladesh. A cultivar popular BARI Soybean-5, disponível localmente, foi usada como material original e submetida a cinco doses diferentes de raios gama usando Co60. Em relação ao rendimento de sementes e às características de atribuição de rendimento, 12 mutantes genuínos foram selecionados a partir da geração M4. Altos valores de herdabilidade e avanço genético com alto coeficiente de variância genotípico (GCV) para altura da planta, número de ramos e número de vagens foram considerados atributos favoráveis ao melhoramento da soja, garantindo, assim, a produtividade esperada. O mutante SBM-18, obtido a partir de 250Gy, proporcionou desempenho de rendimento estável em ambientes diversificados e produtividade máxima de sementes de 3.056 kg ha-1 com o maior número de vagens planta-1 (56). O Conselho Nacional de Sementes de Bangladesh (NSB) finalmente aprovou o SBM-18 e o registrou como uma nova variedade de soja, chamada 'Binasoybean-5', para plantio em larga escala por causa de sua estabilidade superior em várias zonas agroecológicas e desempenho de rendimento consistente.
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Glycine max/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Glycine max/genética , Fenótipo , Bangladesh , Melhoramento Vegetal , Genótipo , MutaçãoRESUMO
Abstract In soybean breeding program, continuous selection pressure on traits response to yield created a genetic bottleneck for improvements of soybean through hybridization breeding technique. Therefore an initiative was taken to developed high yielding soybean variety applying mutation breeding techniques at Plant Breeding Division, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Bangladesh. Locally available popular cultivar BARI Soybean-5 was used as a parent material and subjected to five different doses of Gamma ray using Co60. In respect to seed yield and yield attributing characters, twelve true breed mutants were selected from M4 generation. High values of heritability and genetic advance with high genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) for plant height, branch number and pod number were considered as favorable attributes for soybean improvement that ensure expected yield. The mutant SBM-18 obtained from 250Gy provided stable yield performance at diversified environments. It provided maximum seed yield of 3056 kg ha-1 with highest number of pods plant-1 (56). The National Seed Board of Bangladesh (NSB) eventually approved SBM-18 and registered it as a new soybean variety named Binasoybean-5 for large-scale planting because of its superior stability in various agro-ecological zones and consistent yield performance.
Resumo No programa de melhoramento da soja, a pressão pela seleção contínua para a resposta das características de rendimento criou um gargalo genético para melhorias da soja por meio da técnica de melhoramento por hibridação. Portanto, foi desenvolvida uma variedade de soja de alto rendimento, aplicando técnicas de reprodução por mutação, na Divisão de Melhoramento de Plantas, no Instituto de Agricultura Nuclear de Bangladesh (BINA), em Bangladesh. A cultivar popular BARI Soybean-5, disponível localmente, foi usada como material original e submetida a cinco doses diferentes de raios gama usando Co60. Em relação ao rendimento de sementes e às características de atribuição de rendimento, 12 mutantes genuínos foram selecionados a partir da geração M4. Altos valores de herdabilidade e avanço genético com alto coeficiente de variância genotípico (GCV) para altura da planta, número de ramos e número de vagens foram considerados atributos favoráveis ao melhoramento da soja, garantindo, assim, a produtividade esperada. O mutante SBM-18, obtido a partir de 250Gy, proporcionou desempenho de rendimento estável em ambientes diversificados e produtividade máxima de sementes de 3.056 kg ha-1 com o maior número de vagens planta-1 (56). O Conselho Nacional de Sementes de Bangladesh (NSB) finalmente aprovou o SBM-18 e o registrou como uma nova variedade de soja, chamada Binasoybean-5, para plantio em larga escala por causa de sua estabilidade superior em várias zonas agroecológicas e desempenho de rendimento consistente.
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Background: Nutritional status and others related determinants among vagrants are important issues even in developing countries like Bangladesh. Exploring the current situation it terms of magnitude of people would be a good resource for the policy makers in considering the malnutrition, health care and other supports for the shelter less population. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was done. A total of 106 vagabonds form government shelter home were included. The nutritional statuses of the respondents were assessed using measured BMI and dietary pattern was assessed by the 24-hour recall method. The data were processed to undergo statistical analysis using SPSS 23 windows program. Results: The overall mean age of of the respondents 35.3±9.86 years and 42 (39.7%) were in 18-20 years age group and 62% were female. About 62% were correctly married and 22% were single life lead. Less than half (47.1%) of the respondents non-educated, on the other hand 40(37.7%) of the respondents were primary level educated. 22.6% vagrants were abandoned by their family due to certain problems. Association of age group with BMI most respondents were in underweight that gain highly significance where (p=0.0001), there had no association was found between educational status and BMI except non-educated (p=0.025). Most respondents were significant Hand washing before eating, daily bath taken and Suffering from disease Last 1 month with nutritional status where (p=0.020), (p=0.010) and (p=0.0001). Conclusions: Special attention to be given for improving vagabonds care, Attention to improve service quality with special attention to identified areas (balanced diet, treatment etc).
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Background: Existing literature shows that education and supportive interventions, both for breast-feeding mothers as well as for healthcare professionals, can increase the proportion of women that use exclusive breast-feeding. Healthy nursing practise can be encouraged by offering mothers the proper guidance from medical professionals and by designing educational programmes that explicitly target women with low levels of education and few resources. Aims was to study the effect of structured educational intervention for improving appropriate breastfeeding practices at 6-8 weeks of birth and to evaluate the factors causing deviation from recommended breastfeeding norms.Methods: An interventional study was done to assess breastfeeding knowledge, attitude and practices of mother undergoing institutional delivery in the Department of Paediatrics, D. Y. Patil University School of Medicine, Nerul, Navi Mumbai. Continuous Data was presented as mean, median, and standard deviation. Categorical data were presented as frequency and percentages. Statistical analysis was carried out with the help of statistical test such as Chi-square test to know the significant relationship and software used was SPSS 26. The level of significance was set at 5%. All p values less than 0.05 was treated as significant.Results: We found that additional educational intervention over and above to routine counselling significantly improved knowledge of not using pre-lacteal feeds in intervention group (p=0.0003), the understanding of importance of colostrum (p=0.001). Most importantly, Group 1 had exclusive breastfeeding rate of 74.5% (149/200) as compared to group 2 with additional intervention; who had exclusive breastfeeding rate of 93.5% (187/200) (p<0.0001).Conclusions: We could conclude that educational interventions in a structured format in the postnatal period can increase the exclusive breastfeeding rates and sustain it further lowering the mortality significantly.
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Background: Vascular access is the most common and widely used medical device in hospital setting especially peripheral intravenous line rather than central venous line and it is more essential in the pediatric and newborn group in accessing and maintaining a safe and reliable venous access for continuous management. Though it is the most common procedure, complication like phlebitis, extravasation, induration, dislodgement related to PIVC are also high.Methods: A prospective cohort study which included 86 children of age 1-7 years admitted in pediatric ward in selected hospital, Siliguri during the year 2023 in the month of May and June. Objective of the study was to find out the incidence of phlebitis among children admitted in pediatric ward. Observational method was adopted to collect data from the participants. Jackson抯 VIP scale and FLACC scale was used to collect data along with demographic variables and peripheral intravenous catheter characteristics.Results: The study revealed that all the 86 children developed phlebitis where 64% of children developed phlebitis Grade 2 of phlebitis and 19% grade 3 on day 2 from the day of insertion where on day 3 8% had grade 2 and 9% had grade 3. The mean duration of PIVC was 53.11�87 hours and the major risk factor associated with phlebitis was site of insertion (OR=33.8, 95% CI-0.5, 207).Conclusions: By identifying early signs of phlebitis among children, one can manage it at appropriate time and can reduce the further complication related to the PIVC.
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Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most common acquired heart disease among young adults and an important health problem in developing countries. There is much scarcity of information about echocardiographic evaluation of valvular involvement of RHD in Bangladesh. Objective of this study was to analyze the clinical spectrum and pattern of cardiac valvular lesions in newly diagnosed RHD patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2019 to May 2021 in National Center for Control of Rheumatic Fever and Heart Diseases (NCCRF and HD), Dhaka, Bangladesh. Newly diagnosed 160 RHD patients irrespective of age and sex were enrolled. Medical history was obtained, physical examination was carried out, several investigations were done and standard color Doppler echocardiography was performed. Diagnosis of RHD was made following 2012 World Heart Federation criteria. Results: More than 60% of newly diagnosed patients of RHD were female; mean age of patients was 24.29±9.17 years and 77.5% of patients were between 15-34 years of age. Detected valvular lesions were mostly isolated (65%) and mitral valve involvement was 88.7%. Isolated mitral regurgitation was detected among 56.3% patients and was higher in female. Combination of mitral regurgitation and mitral stenosis were reported in 12.5% cases whereas mitral regurgitation with aortic regurgitation was present in 10.6% cases. Overall, 14 (6.4%) of the newly diagnosed patients were detected with severe forms of cardiac valvular lesion. Conclusions: RHD were common in young adults. Mitral valve was predominantly involved, particularly presenting as isolated mitral regurgitation.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Hypogonadism is one of the most frequent complications in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients and early recognition and treatment is the core element in restoring impaired gonadal function. Despite the high burden of disease, relevant studies are scarcely addressing the gonadal function of such patients in Bangladesh. The pattern of gonadal function in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients must be characterized before planning a generalized management plan. Moreover, since iron overload is a key reason behind hypogonadism in thalassemia patients, investigating the role of serum ferritin level as a diagnostic tool for hypongadism was also an aim of this study. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Transfusion Medicine of the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 94 patients were enrolled in this study. A detailed history and thorough clinical examination were carried out in each patient and recorded using a pretested structured questionnaire. In addition, the laboratory assessment of serum ferritin, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone and estradiol in serum were also performed. The data were analyzed using the STATA (v.16). Results: The mean age of the patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia was 18.81 ± 4.65 (SD), with 53.3% of the patients being male. The overall prevalence of hypogonadism was 35.11%, 18.1% being normogonadotropic, 11.7% being hypogonadotropic and 5.3% being hypergonadotropic. The serum ferritin level was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in patients with hypogonadism (Eugonadal: 2,174.79 (± 749.12) ng/ml; Hypogonadal: 3,572.59 (± 1,199.49) ng/ml). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of serum ferritin was high (0.83) and the p-value was highly significant (< 0.001). Conclusion: Therefore, the serum ferritin level and gonadal hormone analysis of transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients can be considered a screening tool for assessing gonadal function and early detection and prevention of hypogonadism.
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Background: Before the early 70s, Monkeypox (MPX) was simply recognized as a native disregarded disease in western and central Africa. Moreover, monkeypox is a re-emerging disease that becomes a serious life threatening issue all over the world including non-endemic countries. Regarding the evaluation of research based information about monkeypox in Bangladesh, this study has been conducted to assess the existing knowledge among health professionals. Methods: An online-based cross-sectional study was carried out from 20 June 2022 to 10 August 2022 time period where respondents' knowledge about monkeypox was assessed through using a 21-item scale. The chi-square test was used to make the association between socio-demographic variables and knowledge level. Results: Among 223 respondents, only 53% had good knowledge (mean score >14). Respondents age and sex were significantly correlated with the level of knowledge about monkeypox (p<0.006) and (p<0.02) respectively. Around 72.1% of respondents agreed that the world's populations are able to prevent and control monkeypox worldwide and 65% of respondents believed that media coverage of monkeypox may contribute to global prevention. Moreover, 52.4% respondents had negative attitudes toward monkeypox for becoming a world pandemic. Conclusions: The study finding reveals that knowledge about the monkeypox virus was average and training as well as awareness programs are recommended on monkeypox to promote feather knowledge development among health professionals.
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Background: Carcinoma cervix is a significant health concern, particularly in lower socioeconomic groups. The effectiveness of interdigitated versus sequential brachytherapy, both with concurrent chemoradiation, in treating this condition remains underexplored.Methods: This quasi-experimental study at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital enrolled 63 patients with biopsy-proven squamous cell cervical cancer. They were randomly divided into two arms: arm a received pelvic EBRT 50 Gy in 25 fractions, followed by HDR brachytherapy (7 Gy weekly × 3 weeks) starting after 30 Gy of EBRT; arm B received the same pelvic EBRT, followed by HDR brachytherapy (7 Gy weekly × 3 weeks) starting a week after the completion of EBRT.Results: Mean age was 47.82±8.45 years (range: 29-64 years). The mean OTT was significantly reduced in arm-A (36.58 days) compared to arm-B (59.5 days). In terms of treatment response, 90.32% of patients in arm-A and 78.12% in arm-B experienced a complete response.Conclusions: Interdigitated brachytherapy with concurrent chemoradiation significantly reduces treatment time without compromising treatment effectiveness. Despite a shorter treatment duration, the complete response rate was slightly higher in the interdigitated arm.
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Background: Serum albumin is a vital laboratory indicator of nutrition status. Fetal weight depends upon the nutritional status of mothers. Indeed, the serum albumin status at term may help to assume the fetal weight. We do have not enough research-based data regarding this issue. The aim of this study was to estimate maternal serum albumin at term and to observe its correlation with the birth weight of babies. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was done at department of gynaecology and obstetrics, Sir Salimullah medical college and Mitford hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from July 2019 to June 2020. A total of 96 mother-baby pairs were selected using purposive sampling method. Women with single full-term pregnancy based on fundal height on Naegele’s rule irrespective of any mode of delivery was included in this study. Mothers with normal albumin levels (3.6-5.2 gm/dl) were defined as group A and mothers with low albumin levels (<3.6 gm/dl) in group B. Statistical analyses of the results were obtained by using window-based computer software devised with SPSS-22. Results: In analyzing the maternal serum albumin level, we observed that majority of the participants were with normal albumin levels which were 81% and the rest 19% of patients were low albumin levels. In this study, it was observed that more than half (56.4%) of babies were male in group A and 9 (50.0%) in group B. The majority (94.9%) of babies’ birth weights were ?2.5 kg in group A and 4 (22.0%) in group B. The difference of birth weight was statistically significant (p<0.05) between the two groups. Maternal serum albumin was significantly associated with birth weight of babies in multivariate analysis. But negatively correlated with newborn birth weight which is statistically significant. Conclusions: Maternal albumin was observed to be directly proportional to the birth weight of babies.