RESUMO
Aims: One of the current crises of the society is prevalence rate of viral co-infection of hepatitis B and C among HIV patients.HIV, HBV, and HCV are major public health concerns. Because of shared routes of transmission, HIV-HCV coinfection and HIV-HBV coinfection are common. HIVpositive persons are at risk of being infected with HBV and HCV. Frequency of co-infection with HBV and HCV in HIV-patients is depended on the geographic regions and the type of exposure. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HCV co-infection in one of the medical educational centers of Lorestan province, Iran. Study Design: This Cross-sectional One Shot Case Study Design to determine the prevalence of concurrent viral infection in the city of Khorramabad, Iran. Place and Duration of Study: Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran and Shohadaye Ashayer hospital, Khorramabad, Iran, in 2013 Methodology: This cross-sectional study was designed in 2013 in order to study the prevalence of co-infection among 500 outpatients and inpatients referring to Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital, Khorramabad, Lorestan province. The existence of specific antigen and antibody against the virus was determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. (Demographic information was extracted from the patients' medical files and frequency of three viruses was calculated according to demographics information. Results: 103 out of 500 studied serum samples were infected with HBV, HCV, and HIV viruses. Maximum infection was in the age range of more than 40 years old, which was equal to 23 patients (24.7%). 58 out of 103 samples were inpatients, 18 (9.4%) of whom were co-infected. 3 out of 103 studied samples (5.9%) who were co-infected with HIV/HBV/HCV were male. On the other hand, 4 (3.9%) male patients were infected with HIV/HBV and 4 (7.8%) male patients were co-infected with HBV/HCV. Also, 23 (22.3%) patients were co-infected with HIV/HCV; one (1.9%) was female and 22 (43.1%) were male. Conclusion: Patients who have both hepatitis B and C infections when are associated with HIV infection the disease becomes more severe. By obtain frequency, relationship was detected between hospital care of patients and prevalence of con-infection. Due to frequent injections in the hospital and taking blood and its products, inpatients were more susceptible to infection than outpatients. So, the probability of their infection with viruses was higher than outpatients. This issue is a disturbing factor in medicinal centers which should receive more attention.
RESUMO
Parasitic infection is one of the problems that affect human health, especially in developing countries. In this study, all of the fast food shops, restaurants, and roast meat outlets of Khorramabad (Western Iran) and all the staff employed by them, some 210 people, were selected through a census and their stools were examined for the presence of parasites. The parasitological tests of direct wet-mount, Lugol's iodine staining, formaldehyde-ether sedimentation and Trichrome staining techniques were performed on the samples. The data was analyzed with a chi-square test and logistic regression was selected as the analytical model. The results showed 19 (9%) stool specimens were positive for different intestinal parasites. These intestinal parasites included Giardia lamblia 2.9%, Entamoeba coli 4.3%, Blastocystis sp. 1.4%, and Hymenolepis nana 0.5%. There was a significant difference between the presence of a valid health card, awareness of transmission of intestinal parasites, participation in training courses in environmental health with intestinal parasites (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the rate of literacy and gender among patients infected with intestinal parasites (p > 0.05). To control parasitic infection in food handlers, several strategies are recommended such as stool examinations every three months, public education, application of health regulations, controlling the validity of health cards and training on parasitic infection transmission. In this regard, the findings of the present study can be used as a basis to develop preventive programs targeting food handlers because the spread of disease via them is a common problem worldwide.
Infección parasitaria es uno de los problemas de salud humana, especialmente en los países en desarrollo. En este estudio, todas las tiendas de comida rápida, restaurantes, y tiendas de carne asada en Khorramabad (oeste de Irán) y todo el personal que trabaja en ellos, incluyendo 210 personas fueron seleccionadas a través de los censos y las heces fueron examinadas para detectar la presencia de parásitos. La prueba parasitológica directa de mojado de montaje, la tinción de Lugol's yodo, sedimentación formaldehído-éter y tricrómicas técnicas de tinción se realizaron sobre las muestras. Los datos fueron analizados con la prueba de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística seleccionado como el modelo analítico. Los resultados mostraron 19 (9%) muestras de heces fueron positivos para diferentes parásitos intestinales. Los parásitos intestinales incluyen Giardia lamblia 2.9%, Entamoeba coli 4.3%, Blastocystis sp. 1.4%, Hymenolepis nana 0.5%. Hubo diferencia significativa entre la presencia de la tarjeta sanitaria válida, el conocimiento de la transmisión de los parásitos intestinales, la participación en cursos de formación en materia de salud ambiental con parásitos intestinales (p < 0.05). No hubo diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre la tasa de alfabetización y el sexo entre los pacientes infectados con parásitos intestinales (p > 0.05). Para controlar la infección parasitaria en los manipuladores de alimentos se recomiendan varias estrategias, tales como examen de heces cada tres meses, la educación pública, se aplican las normas sanitarias, el control de validez de la tarjeta sanitaria y la transmisión formación infección parasitaria. En este sentido, los resultados del presente estudio se pueden utilizar como una base para desarrollar programas de prevención dirigidos a los manipuladores de alimentos debido a la propagación de enfermedades a través de ellos es un problema común en todo el mundo.