Prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections in women attending Maternal and Child Health Care Centres in Hlaing Tharyar Township

A total of 105 subjects comprising 74 pregnant women, 26 STD patients and 5 commercial sex workers were randomly selected to detect the prevalence of syphilis, gonorrhoea and chlamydial infections. Syphilis was most prevalent among MCH clinic attendants with overall seroprevalence of 15.2 per cent; 10.8 per cent of antenatal cases, 19.2 per cent of STD patients and 60 per cent of CSWs were observed to be either TPHA reactive or both VDRL and TPHA positive. Gonorrhoea was detected in 6.7 per cent of total tested group. Gonococcal infection was not observed in antenatal cases. Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated were found to be less sensitive to Penicillin, susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone. Beta lactamase producing strains and Tetracycline resistant N. gonorrhoeae were not observed. Chlamydial antigen detected by ELISA was observed in 4.8 per cent of total tested group. 5.4 per cent of antenatal cases (4/74) and 3.8 per cent of STD patients (1/26) were positive for chlamydial antigen. 22.9 per cent of clinic attendants were found to be infected with one or more sexually transmitted diseases.

Hepatitis B makers in a study group with human immunodeficiency virus infection in Myanmar, 1989

During 1989, 200 sera, Positive for Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody by both Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ElISA) and Western Blot Immunoassay were selected randomly to be tested for Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) markers. 75

of the sera belonged to intravenous drug abusers with the remaining from hospitalized patients, blood donors and persons attending the Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Clinics. HBsAg was positive in 12.5

, HBeAg in 3

, anti-HBs in 34.5

and anti-HBc in 86

of the test group. Since the epidemiology of HIV and HBV infections are similar regarding the modes of transmission (parenteral, perinatal and sexual), the risk groups affected and the occurrence of chronic asymptomatic infection creating a reservoir for further spread, HIV infected persons can be assumed to have a high infection rate for HBV. In our study, the infection rate for HBV was very high being 92

.

Preliminary study of two major transfusion associated viral infections (Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis B virus) during routine donor screening

A total of 5973 blood donor specimens were tested for both HBsAg and HIV antibody, simultaneously. 2.18 per cent was initially reactive to ELISA, 0.67 per cent was repeatedly ELISA positive, 0.2 per cent was indeterminate and 0.39 per cent was confirmed for HIV antibody by IMMUMOBLOT ASSAY. The prevalence of HBsAg among blood donors was found to be 10.56 per cent with 11.1 per cent for male dornors and 5.06 per cent for female donors.

Incidence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus infection in drug abusers

A total of 1035 drug abusers were screened for HIV-antibodies. 19 per cent are positive for anti-HIV in drug addict using drugs by various routes including intravenous routes. Where as 51.3 per cent of intravenous drug abusers were positive. Even among IVDA, hospitalized cases are 70 per cent positive against 40.9 per cent in non-hospitalized cases.