Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) - A Critical Scientific Review

Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are taking the biggest toll on human health since the last few decades. Around the middle of the 20th century, morbidity and mortality due to CVDs began to increase exponentially due to drastic change in lifestyle and rapid urbanization. At that point of time a very little was known about its causes or risk factors. Identification of risk factors is crucial in planning the treatment and prevention strategies for any disease. Profound research works have been conducted worldwide to identify risk factors of CVDs. Conventional risk factors like obesity, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, physical inactivity etc are already given due importance in risk prediction, prevention and management of CVDs. The risk assessment tools available at present are mainly based on these conventional risk factors. Even after adjusting the conventional risk factors, CVD related morbidity and mortality are still growing. Moreover CVDs are now reported at an early age. Hence there is also a need to identify novel risk factors which can be helpful in predicting and identifying CVDs earlier. The future of CVD risk assessment is an integration of both traditional as well as emerging risk factors for better prediction, diagnosis and planning therapeutic and preventive interventions of CVDs.

A Review Article On Krimi With Contemporary Assessment

Krimi exist its importance in Medical science from ages. Starting from Rig Veda to Samhita Krimi is accepted as a causative factor of diseases. Though there is mention of non-pathological Krimi in the texts, but elaboration not done. Whereas, there is wide narration of pathological Krimi found in different Samhita. Description of etiologies, habitat, nomenclature, morphology, and clinical conditions produced due to Krimi is done by different Acharyas. The clinical conditions produced due to Krimi in host may be broadly categorized under GIT ailments, skin ailments and features of Anemia. Regarding management of Krimi, there is sufficient explanation of treatment principles in Samhita. Various research works have been done concerning treatment aspects of Krimi. These clinical studies emphasize the effect of herbal, mineral or herbomineral drug preparations on certain parasite or protozoan. Only few studies have been done in Ayurveda to find out the type of Krimi infection/infestation based on the division of Krimi. Some research workers had tried to correlate the Krimi with few parasites only. The correlation of Krimi with the contemporary infectious microbes may be done by examining the resemblance of their habitat, morphology and effect on host. But it is a difficult task to correlate Krimi with modern due to lack of detail description of individual Krimi. Under the word Krimi all micro organisms like bacteria, virus, parasite, and fungus can be included. In this article effort has been made to describe the concept of Krimi from different Ayurvedic treatises and also to correlate them with similar microbes and parasites based on their habitat and effect on human body.