Frequency of common pathologies associated with impacted mandibular third molars teeth

Teeth that fail to erupt within the dental arch due to any hindrance in its path of eruption wheth-er it is a soft tissue lesion or any bony lesion that is causing hindrance are called impacted teeth. Mandibular third molar tooth is usually the last tooth to erupt in the oral cavity. The pathological changes associated with the impacted 3rd molar are cystic changes which include Dentigerous cysts ,Odontogenic keratocyst and Calcifying Odontogenic cyst .Ameloblastoma ,Myxoma and Odontogenic fibroma are the commonest neoplasms .Soft tissue pathological changes are hyperplasia's ,inflam-mation and calcification are the common findings around the impacted 3rd molar teeth. The present study is a descriptive retrospective study conducted to evaluate the frequency of pathological changes associated with impacted 3rd molar. The most common age group amongst these patients was second and third decade of life .The male to female ratio of these patients was 1: 1.86. Age range was 17 to 50 years, mean age of 24.16 SD + 7.05.The present study will help to support the prophylactic removal of impacted 3rd molar as some of these pathological changes may be life threatening

Socio-demographic risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus

The objective of the study was to report the socio demographic risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. This study was conducted in the Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar. In this study 103 GDM and 97 healthy pregnant women [HPW] were registered in Khyber Teaching Hospital [KTH], Peshawar, Pakistan. Women with gestational diabetes were diagnosed with 75mg Oral Glucose Tolerance Test [OGTT]. Data was collected through questionnaire which had information about sociodemographic risk factors. Maternal age, BMI and parity of GDM were significantly higher at P < 0.05 as compared to HPW. Previous history of gestational diabetes and family history of diabetes of GDM women were also significantly higher at P < 0.001 as compared the control group. Socioecnomic status, education level and occupations of GDM and HPW were not significantly different. Maternal age, BMI, parity, previous history of gestational diabetes and family history of diabetes are the high risk factors of GDM. Socioeconomic status does not affect the prevalence of GDM

Reasons for extractions in patients seen in Pak field hospital level Darfur, Sudan

This cross sectional study was conducted at Pak Field Hospital Level 3 Darfur Sudan from Jan 2011 till May 2012 to find out the reasons for extractions of teeth in UNAMID troops. 1500 patients, from various countries were interviewed and examined. Percentage of six common reasons [caries and its sequel, periodontal problems, impactions, prosthetic, orthodontic and other causes] were calculated by SPSS version 16, as whole, separate for male, female and for individual countries. Results showed that Overall 41.2% of the teeth were extracted due to advanced dental caries whereas 34.8% due to periodontal disease, 12.04% due to impactions, 4.4% for prosthetic purposes, 4.3% for orthodontic and 3.2% for other reasons. Advanced caries was the primary cause for extractions in male while impactions and orthodontic causes were the main reasons. Highest numbers of teeth were extracted due to advanced caries in patients from Nigeria [43.5%] and due to periodontal reason from patientsof Bangladesh [37.1%] and Nepal [37%]

Effect of gestational diabetes on blood sugar, liver and renal function tests

Type 2 diabetes adversely affects the liver and kidney function tests. This study was conducted to determine that either the liver and kidney functions are disturbed in the patients having gestational diabetes mellitus [GDM]. One hundred and three women with GDM, and 97 healthy pregnant women [HPW] in their third trimester were registered in the Obs/Gyn Unit of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar in the time period Apr-Sep 2012. Blood sugar level, glycosylated haemoglobin status HbA1c, haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, liver function tests including alanine amino transferase [ALT], alkaline phosphatase [ALP] and bilirubin, renal function tests including urea and creatinine were determined. Blood glucose level and HbA1c of GDM was significantly higher [p<0.001] than HPW. Fasting and random blood glucose and HbA1c of GDM and HPW were 110.90 +/- 9.10 vs 84.68 +/- 7.01 mg/dl, 148.53 +/- 7.21 vs 124.42 +/- 9.46 mg/dl and 6.49 +/- 1.20 vs 4.99 +/- 0.55 respectively. Haemoglobin percentage, platelet count, ALT, ALP, serum bilirubin and urea were not significantly different among the two groups. However, mean serum creatinine [0.82 +/- 0.32 mg/dl] in GDM was significantly higher [p<0.05] than in HPW [0.74 +/- 0.15 mg/dl]. In gestational diabetes the LFTs may not be disturbed, however serum creatinine value is increased.

Comparison of 0.2 % glyceryl trinitrate and open lateral internal anal sphincterotomy in treatment of chronic anal fissures

To compare lateral internal sphincterotomy with 0.2 percent glyceryl trinitrate in the treatment of chronic anal fissure in terms of fissure healing and complications. Randomised Controlled Trials [RCT] Place and duration of the study: The study was of 6 months duration conducted at surgical unit Combined Military Hospital Rawalpindi from August 2006 to February 2007. Subjects and Seventy Patients were randomly assigned to two treatment groups. Group 1 was assigned to apply glyceryl trinitrate 0.2 percent paste while, in group 2 lateral internal sphincterotomy was done. Response to the treatment was assessed in terms of fissure healing and occurrence of complications. Follow up of the patients was carried out at the end of 2nd, 4th, and 6th week of treatment. In this study overall healing rate after 6 weeks with GTN was 71.4% and 100% with LIS [p< 0.001]. Conclusions: lateral internal sphincterotomy is better than GTN in fissure healing