In vivo Hollow Fiber Assay for Anticancer Drugs' Responsiveness in a Bladder Cancer Model / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The National Cancer Institute(NCI)'s Hollow Fiber Assay(HFA) is currently used as an in vivo screening model to quantitatively define anticancer activity. To investigate the use of HFA in a bladder cancer model, we conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments with several anticancer drugs in nude mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The human bladder cancer cell lines(CRL2742, 253JP, SW1710, HTB9) were cultured both in vitro and in vivo in polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) hollow fibers. The fibers were implanted intraperitoneally(ip) and subcutaneously(sc) into female athymic nude mice(C57BL/6), and the mice were then treated with gemcitabine 120 mg/kg(bolus), cisplatin(3mg/kg), paclitaxel(15mg/kg) or vehicle only (control) for 4-consecutive days. After 6 days, the fibers were retrieved and the viable cell density was analyzed by MTT assay. RESULTS: The difference between in vitro and in vivo growth was not significant for the CRL2742, 253J-P and SW1710 cell lines; the difference between the ip and sc fibers was also not significant in the CRL2742, SW1710 and HTB9 cell lines. After drug treatment, the percent of growth inhibition revealed constant and effective anticancer activities for the 3 individual drugs. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the possibility of measuring and quantifying the anticancer effect with using in vivo hollow fiber assay in a bladder cancer model.

Prognostic Significance of Multifocal Tumor in Radical Prostatectomy / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: We investigate the impact of tumor multifocality on the biochemical recurrence rate after radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data was collected from 525 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer from 2003 to 2007. We evaluated the potential associations of multifocality with various clinical and pathologic factors. The ability to predict extra-capsular extension(ECE) was tested by logistic regression models, whereas biochemical recurrence(BCR) was assessed via Kaplan-Meier analyses and Cox-hazard regression models. The BCR was defined as a level of serum prostate-specific antigen(PSA) of 0.2ng/ml or greater on consecutive evaluations. RESULTS: Multifocality was observed to be significantly associated with the presence of a high grade Gleason pattern(p=0.014), the pT stage(p< 0.001), ECE(p=0.005) and a positive surgical margin(PSM)(p=0.019). Moreover, it was the independent predictor of ECE on multivariate logistic regression analyses(p=0.039). However, although multifocality had a significant influence on biochemical recurrence on the Kaplan-Meier analyses (log rank test, p=0.019), only the PSA level and the Gleason score were significant predictors of BCR on the multivariated Cox-hazard analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Although multifocality was associated with adverse pathologic features, it had no significant effect on biochemical recurrence on the multivariated cox-hazard analyses.

Non-palpable and Asymptomatic Leydig Cell Tumor / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Leydig cell tumors are the most common non-germ cell tumors of the testis, and they account for 1-3% of all testicular tumors. They most commonly present as a testicular mass and/or with endocrine symptoms. This tumor is characterized by its endocrine manifestations, which are due to the tumor's capacity to secrete hormones. We report here on one case of a patient with Leydig cell tumor; the patient was without symptoms and the tumor was not detected on the physical examination.

Inverted Papilloma in the Prostatic Urethra / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Inverted papilloma of the urinary tract is a rare finding, and it is almost benign in its histologic morphology and clinical behavior. Despite several published reports, the prognostic significance and potential clinical behavior of this malady remains unclear. The most commonly associated clinical symptoms are hematuria and obstruction of the urinary tract. Most inverted papillomas of urinary tract occur in the bladder and only rarely in the ureter, renal pelvis and urethra. We report here on one case of inverted papilloma in the prostatic urethra. This was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography and confirmed by its histology.

Leukemic Infiltration of Penis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Leukemic infiltration of the penis is an extremely rare entity. A case involving the penile shaft is described, and the relevant evaluation and treatment are discussed. Only 3 other documented cases of penile leukemia have been found in the literature. The identification and treatment of the underlying etiology are important aspects with this unusual disease entity.

Analysis of the Causes in the Patients with Gynecomastia / 대한남성과학회지

PURPOSE: Various causes may be the etiology of gynecomastia. We investigated the levels of serum estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), ratio of E2 to T (E2/T) as well as associated diseases, drugs as the cause of gynecomastia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: E2, T, E2/T in 37 patients from gynecomastia patients (GP) and 10 healthy men were measured, and the associated diseases and drugs in 68 GP were also evaluated. Ultrasound for the adrenal gland diseases, physical examination or ultrasound for the testicular pathology were performed. RESULTS: The cause of gynecomastia varied according to the age. The levels of E2, T, E2/T in control group (CG) were 35.3 3.9 pg/ml, 5.0 0.4 ng/ml, 7.1 0.5. Those in GP were 48.7 7.1 pg/ml, 4.3 0.3 ng/ml, 12.0 1.8, respectively. The difference of E2/T as well as E, T between CG and GP was not significant. Various associated diseases or drugs were found in GP. Adrenal diseases or testicular cancer were not found in GP. CONCLUSIONS: The difference of E2/T between CG and GP is not the only cause of gynecomastia. Thus, the consideration of the age as well as associated diseases or drugs will be helpful for the better understanding of high E2/T as the cause of gynecomastia

A Case of Malacoplakia of the Prostate / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Malacoplakia is an uncommon granulomatous inflammatory disease, which predomina- ntly affected the urinary tract, particularly the urinary bladder. The prostatic involve- ment of malacoplakia is extremely rare and may clinically mimic prostate cancer. A correct diagnosis of malacoplakia can be made by histopathologic findings characterized by accumulations of macrophages containing typical intracytoplasmic inclusions(Michael is-Gutmann bodies). We report a case of prostatic malacoplakia, which was incidentally found in prostate biopsy performed to confirm clinically suspected prostate cancer.

A Case of Anterior Urethral Metastasis from Rectal Adenocarcinoma / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Metastatic urethral tumor is extremely rare. We report a case of anterior urethral and hepatic metastasis from a rectal adenocarcinoma developed 17 months after radical resection of rectal cancer. The patient was performed suprapubic cystostomy for management of voiding difficulty, thereafter, died 4 months after presentation.

The Experience of Video-cystoscope with Automatic Monitor Photo Unit / 대한비뇨기과학회지

The need for film recording in endoscopic practice is important with the present demand for documentation and teaching (legal problem). The electronic endoscopy which has a very small charge coupled device (CCD) at the distal end of an endoscope yields several times more resolving power than conventional optical endoscopes. However the system has not been utilized in Urologic field because there has not enough space for CCD at the end of the telescope comparing to the endoscope in Gastroenterology field. However the video converter with CCD could be adapted to the eyepiece of the telescope, and the automatic monitor photo unit (CVP 600, SAMSUNG, KOREA), video system and monitor were used for imaging, which is so called Urologic Video Information System (UV1S). The image processing was done by instantaneous system (CCD color camera, EC-202 II, ELMO, Japan) with conventional optical light source. From September 1992 to August 1996, we did cystoscopic examination with CCD in 1079 cases.

A Case of Pelvic Fibromatosis / 대한비뇨기과학회지

Aggressive fibromatosis is a neoplastic lesion derived from musculoaponeurotic tissue. By its ability to spread locally and infiltratively, it mimics a low-grade malignant tumor. Wide excision is the recommended primary therapy but recurrences are numerous. We report a primary pelvic fibromatosis arising from retroperitoneum, which managed by surgical excision and radiation therapy.